The authors conclude that
the male baboons» behavior amounts to sexual intimidation.
Working with three Kenyan field assistants who observed the baboons 6 days a week, 52 weeks each year, the team noted 633 cases of either illness or injury in 166 adult
male baboons over the 27 - year course of the study.
«Desperate times lead to desperate measures,» so the saying goes, and a new study finds
male baboons are no exception.
After analyzing DNA from fecal samples, they matched up 75 juveniles with their fathers and were surprised to discover that
male baboons not only recognize but also clearly favor their own genetic offspring.
In September a team led by Jason Buchan, a molecular behavioral ecologist at Duke University, produced genetic evidence that
male baboons are caring dads.
Although dominance rank was significant for
male baboons — alpha
male baboons may live longer than lower - ranking males — this wasn't true for the females.
Was it spite that led
a male baboon called Nick to take revenge on a rival by urinating on her?
An adult
male baboon protects his juvenile son from a teeth - baring rival.
A male baboon, for example, might express his power by holding his breath and causing his chest to expand.
Not exact matches
Gelada
baboons (Theropithecus gelada) live in small units, which consist of up to a dozen females, a few subordinate
males and a dominant
male, who holds exclusive reproductive rights to the females.
And in one group of savannah
baboons, researchers found that
males were more likely to support youngsters involved in daily squabbles if they were the genetic fathers of those juveniles (Buchan et al 2003).
In a previous study, the team showed that whilst the management strategy was keeping
baboons away from the urban space, some
males were still finding ways in.
Dominant
male chacma
baboons allow lower - ranking
males to mate with their females as a way to protect the dominant
male's own offspring in their absence.
At the other end of the spectrum, adult
male chimps may compete for food and even hunt, kill, and eat the baby
baboons.
This tactic gives female
baboons — who would otherwise be at the mercy of the much larger
males — a bit of a say in who fathers their babies, says Maestripieri.
Scientists observing wild
baboons noticed that females tend to call more after sex with a higher - ranking, dominant
male.
«Sapolsky's research seems to show that the female
baboons have «seen the light,»» and realized that life is better with peaceful
males, says Frans de Waal, a primatologist at Emory University in Atlanta.
Once a female
baboon mates with a preferred
male, it is in her best interest to give that
male's sperm the best chance to fertilize her eggs by avoiding further copulation.
Sapolsky and Share are still unsure how the culture is being passed on, but they suspect that it has to do with the observed friendly attitude of the female
baboons towards newcomer
males.
The team studied a captive group of Guinea
baboons at the Brookfield Zoo in Chicago for 3 months and found that instead of persuading more
males to mate, a female's calls put off potential suitors.
Normally aggressive
male adolescent
baboons leave their native troop and slowly work into a new one; Forest Troop had somehow managed to assimilate these surly newcomers without losing its peaceful culture.
Unlike other species of primates, such as chimpanzees or
baboons (or, all too often, humans), where tensions run high between
males and females, bonobo females are not afraid of
males, and the sexes mingle peacefully.
At any given time, a troop of
baboons typically contains one or two newly arrived
males that have left the group where they were born in search of opportunities to reproduce and pass on their genes elsewhere.
A
baboon male would normally have to wait at least a year for a pregnant or lactating female to finish gestating and nursing her infant and resume cycling for a chance to sire her next offspring.
Shortages of fertile females were particularly common in times of food scarcity, when
baboon troops distance themselves from each other and females take 15 percent longer between successive births — which means
males who don't kill have even longer to wait.
«Why
baboon males resort to domestic violence: Scarcity drives some
baboon males to attack and kill infants of their own kind.»
But nearly 30 years of data on wild
baboons shows that top - ranking
males, despite showing signs of increased stress, recover more quickly than low - ranking
baboons from wounds and illness.
The researchers also identified a correlation between speed of wound - healing and the size of the social group the
baboon belonged to:
Males from larger groups recovered more quickly than those in smaller groups.
For example, in species such as
baboons that have rigid social rankings and hierarchies, with so - called alpha
males dominating other
males and females over extended periods of time, it can apparently be more stressful at the top.
Males of other
baboon species sometimes take a different tack: by «befriending» a female through attentive companionship and grooming (the primate equivalent of sparkling conversation) they may eventually be chosen as mates by those females.
Harassing fertile female chacma
baboons appears to give
males a better chance of mating with them.
«While we are all primates, the two species are very different in key things, like how much bigger
males are than females in
baboons and how much
male - to -
male competition there is.»
Female
baboons try and get around this by being as promiscuous as possible to confuse the paternal identity — so
males find it harder to tell if they are killing a rival's offspring or their own,» added Dr Carter.
I am currently focusing on female reproductive competition and on sexual conflict between
males and females in a wild population of chacma
baboon living in Namibia.
Schreier, A.L. (2009)
Male aggression towards females in hamadryas
baboons: conditioning, coercion, and control.
During their fertility window, the genital area of our female primate relatives, including
baboons, macaques, and chimpanzees turn scarlet, most likely to attract
males.
Persistence of maternal effects in
baboons: Mother's dominance rank at son's conception predicts stress hormone levels in subadult
males
In rhesus macaques, mothering style is correlated with offspring cortisol and serotonin levels (14, 15), and in
baboons, the
male offspring of subordinate mothers exhibit higher glucocorticoid levels than the offspring of more dominant mothers (16).