Foster Cline and associates at the Attachment Center at Evergreen, Colorado began to promote the use of the same or similar holding techniques with adopted,
maltreated children who were said to have an attachment disorder (not to be confused with DSM - IV's reactive attachment disorder).
The article includes characteristics of delinquency cases and
maltreated children who become delinquent, risk factors, mental health needs of youth in the criminal justice system, challenges to agency collaboration, and promising strategies for service integration are discussed.
Although the research on resilience in foster children specifically is sorely lacking, studies of maltreated children suggest that
maltreated children who exhibit resilience have high cognitive competence, self - esteem, and ego control (including flexibility, planfulness, persistence, and reflection).30 Thus, foster children, who have an increased likelihood of experiencing multiple risk factors such as poverty, maltreatment, and separation from family of origin, may have more positive outcomes if they are fortunate enough to also experience protective factors.
Victims of abuse are at high risk for poor health, related not only to the physical trauma they have endured, but also to high rates of other social risk factors associated with poor health.22 Abused children have high rates of growth problems, untreated vision and dental problems, infectious diseases, developmental delay, mental health and behavioural problems, early and risky sexual behaviours, and other chronic illnesses, but child welfare and health care systems historically have not addressed the health needs of dependent children.23 - 33 Compared to children in foster care,
maltreated children who remain at home exhibit similarly high rates of physical, developmental and mental health needs.34
Not exact matches
This study examined young boys
who were
maltreated in their youth (Avshalom Caspl et al., «Role of Genotype in the Cycle of Violence in Maltreated Children,» Science, August
maltreated in their youth (Avshalom Caspl et al., «Role of Genotype in the Cycle of Violence in
Maltreated Children,» Science, August
Maltreated Children,» Science, August 2, 2002).
Boys
who have been physically
maltreated and neglected as
children, as well as those
who have been victims of physical or sexual assault, have been forced to have sexual contact against their will or have been victims of incest are vastly more likely to become fathers as teenagers than other teenage males (for review, see Kiselika, 2008, pp42 - 44)
«Traumatic avoidance symptoms have been shown to have a negative impact on the cognitive and emotional development of
children,» said Kristin Valentino, Notre Dame assistant professor of psychology
who specializes in the development of at - risk and
maltreated children.
Lead author Ramesh Raghavan, PhD, associate professor at the Brown School and of psychiatry at the School of Medicine, examined Medicaid records from 36 states for 1,921
children in the National Survey of
Child and Adolescent Well - Being, whom caseworkers had identified as having been
maltreated, and
who had received Medicaid - funded services.
«If a mom
who was
maltreated as a
child can sustain some strong beliefs in her competency as a mom, then it may help break the cycle of abuse and buffer her
children against that kind of experience she had.
A study in 2002 found that men with MAOA - L
who had been
maltreated as
children were more likely to exhibit antisocial behaviour than those with a similar background
who had the normal MAOA gene.
They found that among
maltreated children, those
who were genetically prone to make low levels of MAO - A were far more likely than their counterparts to become violent adults.
Children who are
maltreated may be at an increased risk of obesity and inflammatory disorders because of low levels of leptin — a hormone involved in regulating appetite, according to new research from King's College London.
After controlling for these established risk factors (Table 2, panel 1, multivariate analysis),
children who were
maltreated (definite maltreatment: RR, 1.69; 95 % CI, 1.13 - 2.55) and
children who were socially isolated (very high social isolation: 1.76; 1.12 - 2.77) were both at greater risk of becoming depressed in adulthood.
Experts know that cases of abuse or neglect that are substantiated by a
child protective agency represent only a small fraction of
children who are
maltreated.122 That being the case, it would be far more useful to gain a better understanding of
child maltreatment so that it can be prevented (and strategies to prevent it can be assessed) before it becomes necessary for the state to intervene.
Recognizing and treating uncommon behavioral and emotional disorders in
children and adolescents
who have been severely
maltreated: Reactive attachment disorder.
Stephen Magura and Alexandre Laudet argue that in - utero exposure to cocaine and other drugs can lead to congenital deficits that may make a
child more difficult to care for and, therefore, more prone to being
maltreated.9 Parenting skills can also suffer among substance - abusing parents,
who may be insufficiently responsive to their infants.10 Caregivers
who abuse substances also may place a higher priority on their drug use than on caring for their
children, which can lead them to neglect their
children's needs for such things as food, clothing, hygiene, and medical care.
Substance abuse Substance abuse by a
child's parent or guardian is commonly considered to be responsible for a substantial proportion of
child maltreatment reported to the
child welfare services.1 Studies examining the prevalence of substance abuse among caregivers
who have
maltreated their
children have found rates ranging from 19 percent2 to 79 percent or higher.3 One widely quoted estimate of the prevalence of substance abuse among care - givers involved in
child welfare is 40 to 80 percent.4 An epidemiological study published in the American Journal of Public Health in 1994 found 40 percent of parents
who had physically abused their
child and 56 percent
who had neglected their
child met lifetime criteria for an alcohol or drug disorder.5
The depression scores of the
maltreated children with the s / s genotype that had relatively regular contact with their primary supports were 67 % higher than those of the
maltreated children with less vulnerable genotypes
who had comparable contact with their supports.
Though results are mixed, most home visiting studies find that the early intervention of home visiting can improve both short - and long - term outcomes for
children who are at - risk of being
maltreated by positively impacting not only the outcomes listed above, but perhaps most importantly, the mother -
child relationship (e.g., Black et al., 2007; Guttentag et al., 2014; Karoly et al., 2006; Olds et al., 1998).
At age 4, a random sample of
children from the original cohort
who had been
maltreated along with a matched comparison group of nonmaltreated
children were selected.
It also presents an overview of prevention efforts, reporting laws, caring for
maltreated children, and ways to support parents and professionals
who work with families.
Recent retrospective and prospective studies have identified strong associations between cumulative traumatic childhood events, such as
child maltreatment and family dysfunction, and adult physical disease, such as adult heart disease, liver disease, autoimmune diseases and sexually transmitted infections.36 - 41 Mental health disease and the use of psychotropic medications are also greater in adults
who had been
maltreated as children.42 - 45
All variations in socioeconomic characteristics were only controlled for by matching
maltreated children to
children of similar demographics
who resided in the same state and zip code.
Pathways Triple P (2 days training + 1 day accreditation — following completion of Level 4 training) Training to deliver this intervention is recommended for professionals
who in the course of their duties regularly consult with parents at risk of
maltreating their
children, and have the capacity to deliver an extended group program.
Child Maltreatment in the United States: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Adolescent Health Consequences (PDF - 291 KB) Hussey, Chang, & Kotch Pediatrics, 118 (3), 2006 Examines the sociodemographic characteristics of
children who were
maltreated and their later health outcomes.
Childhood maltreatment is associated with significantly higher rates of mortality,1 - 3 obesity,1,4 - 7 and human immunodeficiency virus infection.1, 8
Children who experience maltreatment also have significantly more mental health problems1,9 - 14 and are as much as 5 times more likely to attempt suicide.1, 15 Maltreated children are also more likely to engage in criminal behavior than other children1, 16,17 and are more than 50 % more likely to have a juvenile record than other children.17 Child maltreatment also has substantial socia
Children who experience maltreatment also have significantly more mental health problems1,9 - 14 and are as much as 5 times more likely to attempt suicide.1, 15
Maltreated children are also more likely to engage in criminal behavior than other children1, 16,17 and are more than 50 % more likely to have a juvenile record than other children.17 Child maltreatment also has substantial socia
children are also more likely to engage in criminal behavior than other
children1, 16,17 and are more than 50 % more likely to have a juvenile record than other children.17 Child maltreatment also has substantial socia
children1, 16,17 and are more than 50 % more likely to have a juvenile record than other
children.17 Child maltreatment also has substantial socia
children.17
Child maltreatment also has substantial social costs.
The data from this study suggest that those people
who are most at risk for destroying their love relationships altogether devote the most intense effort toward maintaining the semblance of bonds; inept mothers and their
children scrap and feud; mildly abusing mothers and their infants are hostile and difficult, but many severely
maltreating mothers and their
children do not dare to challenge the durability of their relationships.
A Comprehensive Framework for Nurturing the Well - Being of
Children and Adolescents (PDF - 676 KB) In Integrating Safety, Permanency and Well - Being Biglan (2014) Presents a framework to ensure successful youth development and well - being for children who have been maltreated, or are at risk of being maltreated, indicating that comprehensive family support from prenatal / birth through adolescence is necessary to aid children in recovering after abuse has occurred and to prevent future maltr
Children and Adolescents (PDF - 676 KB) In Integrating Safety, Permanency and Well - Being Biglan (2014) Presents a framework to ensure successful youth development and well - being for
children who have been maltreated, or are at risk of being maltreated, indicating that comprehensive family support from prenatal / birth through adolescence is necessary to aid children in recovering after abuse has occurred and to prevent future maltr
children who have been
maltreated, or are at risk of being
maltreated, indicating that comprehensive family support from prenatal / birth through adolescence is necessary to aid
children in recovering after abuse has occurred and to prevent future maltr
children in recovering after abuse has occurred and to prevent future maltreatment.
Although
children who have been
maltreated show different brain activity in response to facial emotion than nonmaltreated
children, 22 we know little about
children's neural processing of a wide variety of parenting behaviours, and we know even less about temperament - related differences in such neural processing.
Supporting
Maltreated Children: Countering the Effects of Neglect and Abuse (PDF - 254 KB) Perry (2012) Adoption Advocate, 48 Focuses on the impact of abuse in early childhood on attachment and brain development, including specific behavioral indicators commonly exhibited by children who have experienced maltr
Children: Countering the Effects of Neglect and Abuse (PDF - 254 KB) Perry (2012) Adoption Advocate, 48 Focuses on the impact of abuse in early childhood on attachment and brain development, including specific behavioral indicators commonly exhibited by
children who have experienced maltr
children who have experienced maltreatment.
For more than 35 years, Dr. Jones Harden has focused on the developmental and mental health needs of young
children at environmental risk, specifically
children who have been
maltreated, are in the foster care system, or have been exposed to multiple family risks such as maternal depression, parent substance use, and poverty.
Some parents
who were
maltreated in childhood may struggle in prioritizing their
children's needs especially if they as parents are under stress.
Early intervention foster care: A model for preventing risk in young
children who have been
maltreated.
Children who have been psychologically
maltreated by the primary caretaker on whom they depend are more likely to exhibit a variety of psychological and social handicaps.
Greater collaboration between Early Intervention Systems and
Child Welfare Systems can lead to reducing the underrepresentation of
children in IDEA Part C
who have been
maltreated.
The pathway of abuse is based on the idea of (physically or sexually)
maltreating parents creating fright without solution for the
child who can not handle the paradox of a potentially protective and, at the same time, abusive attachment figure, and thus becomes disorganized.
From the traditional attachment theory viewpoint, therapy for
children who are
maltreated and described as having attachment problems emphasizes providing a stable environment and taking a calm, sensitive, nonintrusive, nonthreatening, patient, predictable, and nurturing approach toward
children, (Haugaard, 2004a [17] Nichols, Lacher & May, 2004 [18]-RRB-.
There is strong evidence that in homes where violence occurs, there is an increased risk for
children being
maltreated.25 Therefore, developing interventions to identify and support women
who display these cumulative risk factors is an important area of
child maltreatment prevention.
Recognizing and treating uncommon behavioral and emotional disorders in
children and adolescents
who have been severely
maltreated: Introduction.
Of the studies evaluating the effectiveness of attachment - theory - based intervention programs, only two have dealt exclusively with
maltreated children and parents
who had been reported to
child protection services.4, 5 These two studies, noteworthy for their randomized trial method, found a substantial reduction in disorganized attachment behaviours and an increase in secure attachment behaviours among infants and young
children resulting from attachment - theory - based interventions.
Children who are
maltreated by caregivers have higher risk of being bullied by peers.
Some researchers have argued that associations between abuse and adjustment problems can be explained by reporting biases because many studies of the effects of physical maltreatment use samples for which maltreatment is identified by referral to social service agencies.6 Of the community - wide population of
maltreated children, those
who are referred may represent a biased, more problematic subgroup.
Two trajectory classes of ego resiliency were identified for
maltreated children: those
who showed a declining trajectory exhibited greater maladjustment.