Sentences with phrase «many axons»

The center of the cord is gray matter — essentially an extension of the brain, like a tail — that is sheathed in fibrous white matter, with long, thin nerve fibers called axons shooting out at intervals to wire every part of the body.

A breakthrough could also come from programs under way at less mature biotech companies, including Axovant Sciences (NASDAQ: AXON) and the much riskier Anavex Life Sciences (NASDAQ: AVXL).

At a higher level of magnification you can see inside the neurons where little corpuscles stream down the long axons like traffic down a highway.

Instead, the researchers found that dendritic, but not axonal, varicosities could be induced by prolonged treatment with glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter that is released from damaged axons.

After entering axons through activated TRPV4 channels, calcium ions appear to disrupt the microtubule cytoskeleton by inhibiting a microtubule - stabilizing protein called STOP.

The researchers found that puffing activated a mechanosensitive channel protein called TRPV4, which is enriched in the membrane of neuronal axons and allows calcium ions to enter the cell.

This interrupts the transport of cellular materials along axonal microtubules, causing these materials to accumulate at several points along the axon where they may give rise to varicosities.

Researchers from The Ohio State University have announced they have discovered how blows to the head cause numerous small swellings along the length of neuronal axons.

Similar swellings are seen in the degenerating axons of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients.

Throughout childhood Myelin continues to be build around the axons and dendrites in your child's brain to improve the transmission of nerve signals.

Giza speculates that youth may be at greater risk for more severe damage from concussion because developing brains lack myelin, the covering that protects axons.

Axons, which are like cables woven throughout brain tissue, swell up when traumatic brain injury occurs.

Myelin is a fatty material that coats the axon of the brain cell, acting as a protection for the cell.

Officers will test run two types of body cameras: the Taser AXON Flex, which can attach to glasses, and the Vievu LE3, which clips to the chest.

Half of the volunteer officers will have the two - piece AXON cameras and the other half will have the Vievu, according to the NYPD.

The 36 - officer department obtained 12 TASER AXON body cameras after gaining approval by the town board to purchase the equipment through a grant.

Axons can measure several hundred times the diameter of the cell body, and, in addition to rapid transmission of electric impulses, they also transport molecular materials over these distances.

Some RGC axons grew all the way back to the brain's visual - processing areas.

The study, published in Nature Neuroscience in August, builds on recent research where neuroscientists got RGC axons to regrow only slightly.

Neural stem cells differentiate into three different cell types: neurons (purple), oligodendrocytes (red), which produce axon insulation, and astrocytes (green), which also support neurons.

The researchers set up a system to grow asymmetric nerve cells in an observation chamber and use live cell imaging to track how rabies virus particles are transported along the axons.

The insert shows a rabies virus (green) binding the p75 neurotrophine receptor (red) at the tip of a sensory axon.

«But there is quite a substantial decrease in white matter, which is primarily composed of cells that function in axon insulation.

Though appearing more like a cluster of colorful balloons, this 30x image from Nagoya University shows individually - labeled axons in an embryonic chick ciliary ganglion, part of the eye's nerve structure.

The combination prompted the regrowth of axons — the «telephone wires» that help neurons communicate — projecting from retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).

However, when the researchers grew nerve cells that had no p75NTR in their observation chamber, they found that virus transport along the axon is less frequent and much slower.

Levels of NAD dropped, and the neural stem cells stopped dividing; they stopped renewing themselves; and they stopped being able to create important cells that insulate axons, the «wires» that carry electrical signals throughout the brain.

Moreover, both the diameter of the axons and the thickness of their myelin sheaths progressively increased until they reached the values observed in the auditory system of the adult animal.

In 2011 researchers found that these waves of electricity cause neurons in the hippocampus, the main brain area involved with memory, to fire backward during sleep, sending an electrical signal from their axons to their own dendrites rather than to other cells.

«Rather than merely brain mapping, we can start to address more biologically specific questions like, «How do individual differences in axon diameter correlate with differences in impulsivity?

Because its powerful technology can measure microstructural features in the brain, such as the diameter of nerve cell axons, it enables researchers to answer entirely new questions, says CUBRIC director Derek Jones.

In addition, the team explored the developmental impact of reduced stimulation on the axons in the trapezoid body.

The speed of transmission depends on several factors, including the diameter of the axon and the thickness of the electrically insulating myelin sheaths that surround the axons.

Neuronal activity typically requires sensory input — for example, a taste or smell — that gets received by neurons» dendrites and then transmitted as an electrochemical message to other cells via long axons.

In mammals, the functional demands made on the auditory system require extremely precise and rapid neural processing of acoustic information, and it contains a strikingly high proportion of myelinated axons.

Nerve cells communicate by means of electrical impulses, which are transmitted along neural processes known as axons.

When the same experiment was carried out on adult mice, a decrease in the thickness of the myelin sheaths was also seen, although the diameter of the axons was not affected.

Importantly, genetic modifications blocking alternative splicing of Cdc42 in mice result in incorrectly formed axons and dendrites and, ultimately, structural and behavioural abnormalities.

Those who «recalled» more lures were assumed to be more prone to false memories, and were found to have higher - quality neural connections, called axons, in the superior longitudinal fascicle, known to be associated with gist - based memory (Journal of Neuroscience, DOI: 10.1523 / jneurosci.5270 - 08.2009).

Localizing Tritiated Norepinephrine in Sympathetic Axons by Electron Microscopic Autoradiography

In a specific example of this scenario, co-occurrence of two alternative variants of the cell polarity factor Cdc42 in the same neuron was essential for proper development of a single axon and several functional dendrites.

The genes we detect are involved in the regulation of cell development, and are specifically important in synapse formation, axon guidance and neuronal differentiation.

And in a basket cell (above), axon branches, which allow the nerve cell to send messages to other neurons, cluster densely around the cell body.

«If we want to regenerate an injured system,» Fox explains, «we have to understand how all these axons form connections in the first place.

How mammalian axons end up at their final destination in the growing brain remains a mystery.

To do this, these nerve cells send out axons, long, incredibly thin projections that reach out to other regions.

The cell's axon (blue) sends signals to other cells that spur them to action.

Concentrations of photographic grains were observed only over regions of preterminal autonomic axons containing granulated vesicles, thereby directly demonstrating uptake of norepinephrine into these axons and strongly suggesting that their granulated vesicles contain norepinephrine.

In another neuron called a chandelier cell (above), vertical branches of its signal - sending axon, which serves to quiet other cells, dangle around the cell body.

When axons burst open, they often distribute amyloid proteins through the neighboring brain tissue.