Sentences with phrase «many bacterial genomes»

«Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, and The Dark Side of Medical Science,» a 2014 essay published in the charmingly incongruous Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association, ticks off a diverse list of recent experiments that have drawn the «Franken -» label: the cloning of Dolly the sheep, the engineering of a highly lethal H5N1 bird influenza that could more easily infect mammals, the synthesizing of an entire bacterial genome.

The investigators examined 181 bacterial genomes taken from the female urinary microbiome, which Dr. Putonti said were representative of that microbiome's phylogenetic diversity.

A complete bacterial genome is synthesized, assembled, and cloned, providing a method that will be useful for generating large DNA molecules de novo.

Venter knew that no one had ever successfully transplanted a bacterial genome, and there were a lot of reasons to suspect it might not work.

Craig Venter «s team at the J. Craig Venter Institute in Rockville, Maryland, and San Diego, California, has made a bacterial genome from smaller DNA subunits and then transplanted the whole thing into another cell.

A second piece of evidence suggesting a long history of leprosy lies within the bacterial genome.

To test the viability of these sequences, the investigators selected one of the 181 bacterial genomes, and found that they were able to induce one of several phage sequences within that genome to reproduce.

The results show — for the first time, Briggs thinks — that the bacterial genomes change with depth: the micro-organisms at 554 metres carry more mutations in genes that code for energy - related processes like cell division and biosynthesis of amino acids than are seen in their shallower counterparts.

In the current study, scientists screened more than 60,000 bacterial genomes for the presence of proteins whose chemical makeup suggested they could be capable of forming prions.

Bacterial genomes isolated after growth in yeast are likely to be susceptible to the restriction - modification system (s) of the recipient cell, as well as their own.

Bacterial genomes are notoriously difficult to modify, and using transfer into yeast as an intermediate step allows scientists to use a much wider range of genetic tools for tweaking the genome.

When levels of arbitrium build up — after a large number of cells have died — phages stop killing off the remaining bacteria and retreat to lie dormant in bacterial genomes instead.

Unlike the first synthetic cells made in 2010, in which Venter's team at the J. Craig Venter Institute in La Jolla, California, copied an existing bacterial genome and transplanted it into another cell, the genome of the minimal cells is like nothing in nature.

Mechanisms by which DNA can be transferred between bacterial genomes have previously been described, but these have been piecemeal, limiting the potential evolutionary benefit, and requiring successive rounds of transfer to create a genome - wide mosaic.

Furthermore, these spikes were timed based upon the positions of the KinA and Spo0F genes on the bacterial genome.

When they sequenced the complete genomes of the Y. pestis DNA in those seven individuals, the team found that the bacterial genomes from the earliest samples lacked two genes that helped Y. pestis evade the immune systems of humans and fleas during the Black Death.

Published Dec. 18, 2017 in Nature Genetics, a team led by researchers at Joint Genome Institute (JGI) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) have exploited a catalog of bacterial genomes to identify and characterize candidate genes that aid bacteria in adapting to plant environments, specifically genes involved in bacterial root colonization.

As reported in tomorrow's issue of Science *, the genome of this laboratory workhorse and common pathogen is 4.6 million base pairs long, making it the largest bacterial genome sequenced to date.

Published December 18, 2017 issue in Nature Genetics, a team led by researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), a DOE Office of Science User Facility, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) have exploited a catalog of bacterial genomes to identify and characterize candidate genes that aid bacteria in adapting to plant environments, specifically genes involved in bacterial root colonization.

This image depicts a phylogenetic tree of over 3,800 high quality and non-redundant bacterial genomes.

She got the job 5 years ago and started working on the evolution of bacterial genomes.

Comas, too, is working on the evolution of bacterial genomes, but from a different perspective.

The NRC report comes less than three months after Craig Venter and his colleagues at the J. Craig Venter Institute in Rockville, Md., published their manufacture and insertion of a synthetic bacterial genome into a closely related bacterial cell which was then able to self - replicate.

The genes encoding NDM - 1 and other antibiotic resistance factors are usually carried on plasmids — circular strands of DNA separate from the bacterial genome — making it easier for them to spread through populations.

Over the two decades that various bacterial genomes have been sequenced, researchers have found rampant gene sharing.

Lipkin's signature invention is a technology called Mass Tag PCR, which searches through large numbers of known viral and bacterial genomes to identify a culprit in a few hours.

In addition, the rate of mutation at the unexpressed cassettes was greater than that at other locations in the bacterial genome.

The cost difference is due, in part, to the smaller scale of the MyMicrobes operation, and in part to the size of the bacterial genome, which Bork says contains around 5 billion letters of DNA, compared to the 3.3 billion in the human genome.

The Salk team decided to search bacterial genomes for new CRISPR enzymes that could target RNA, which could then be engineered to address problems with RNA and resulting proteins.

The quest to create life in the lab took a leap forward in February when scientists at the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) announced in Science [subscription required] that they had synthesized an entire bacterial genome from scratch.

For the first time researchers have quantified the tiny selective forces that shape bacterial genomes.

As a result, the CRISPR locus of the bacterial genome accumulates a chronological record of the bacterial viruses that it and its ancestors have survived.

To do this, the team borrowed know - how perfected by bacteriophages — viruses that can infect bacteria by inserting their viral genome into the bacterial genome.

Base by base, researchers have synthesized this chromosome, which recreates a complete bacterial genome.

Researchers have already constructed functioning viral and bacterial genomes, and the yeast genome project, known as Sc2.0, aims to have all 16 chromosomes — roughly 10 million base pairs — assembled by the end of next year.

The project headed by Professor Norbert Frey of the University Hospital Schleswig - Holstein, Campus Kiel, was conducted in close cooperation with Professor Andre Franke's team at the Christian - Albrechts - Universität zu Kiel, which found that the sections of the bacterial genome deciphered the distinction of the microorganism.

The bacterial genomes come from species that challenge the technical performance of sequencing methods and have been determined by the Food and Drug Administration (link is external)(FDA) to have significant relevance to the research of public health issues such as food contamination, antibiotic resistance and hospital - acquired infections.

The second step, constructing a synthetic bacterial genome, has now been accomplished with this study.

«The 582,970 base pair M. genitalium bacterial genome is the largest chemically defined structure synthesized in the lab,» lead author Daniel Gibson told ScientificAmerican.com via e-mail.

Scientists today announced that they have crafted a bacterial genome from scratch, moving one step closer to creating entirely synthetic life forms — living cells designed and built by humans to carry out a diverse set of tasks ranging from manufacturing biofuels to sequestering carbon dioxide.

Other researchers have shown that evolving viruses tends to get in this kind of rut, but this result «is in the context of a much larger, bacterial genome,» says Vaughn Cooper, an evolutionary microbiologist at the University of New Hampshire, Durham.

The team then modified the bacterial genome so that the regulatory DNA responsible for activating one of these genes was attached to a gene for a protein that glows when produced.

Zhao and colleagues examined the ability of the CRISPR - Cas system, a set of molecules borrowed from a form of immune system in bacteria (CRISPR stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, describing a feature of this system in bacterial genomes).

During their coexistence, the bacterium was further and further integrated as a power plant into the cell, which was evident in the fact that the construction plans of the power plant were increasingly transferred into the host cell from the bacterial genome.

J. Craig Venter, the genetic scientist, synthesized a bacterial genome consisting of about a million base pairs.

The study results were very surprising: For most of these clinical measures, the association with bacterial genomes was at least as strong, and in some cases stronger, than the association with the host's human genome.

We present Temporal FUnctional Metagenomics sequencing (TFUMseq), a platform to functionally mine bacterial genomes for genes that contribute to fitness of commensal bacteria in vivo.

While his first synthetic genome was mainly a copy of an existing genome, Dr. Venter and colleagues this year synthesized a more original bacterial genome, about 500,000 base pairs long.

It also seems unlikely that the bacteria are carried by an animal or some unknown environmental vehicle; many bacterial genomes are so similar that the spread must have been rapid.

$ 5,000 «A genome from your gut» Deep characterization of a single stool sample by shotgun metagenomics, includes best - effort attempt to assemble one or more bacterial genomes out of your gut.