What I have tried to do today is to de-mystify the process, and show that it involves what most people would expect: it examines data and evaluates
competing hypotheses about the economy's current and likely future performance.
Even the best - sourced experts can't discern how policy preferences and objectives shape political coalitions or élite Party divisions, and we lack critical diagnostic information that would be necessary to confirm or refute
competing hypotheses about major political questions.
Occam's razor states that among
competing hypotheses, the one with the fewest assumptions should be selected.
One searches in vain for signs that Wallis is aware of the multiple,
competing hypotheses which have emerged in the past decade concerning the continued stagnation of the less - developed countries (LDCs).
It states that among
competing hypotheses, the hypothesis with the fewest assumptions should be selected.
However Occam's, loosely translated, states «from among
competing hypotheses, selecting the one that makes the fewest new assumptions usually provides the correct one, and that the simplest explanation will be the most plausible.»
Specifically (according to Wikipedia), Occam's razor states that among
competing hypotheses, the hypothesis with the fewest assumptions should be selected.
Their argument has been around for four decades, but nothing in the letter addresses the challenges we raised: that the mathematical ground of inclusive fitness theory is unsound and that, when you compare
competing hypotheses, outcomes are much more directly and convincingly explained by mainstream natural selection.
Mallon tested two
competing hypotheses.
Astrophysicists have since created numerical simulations of the Tunguska event to try to decide among
the competing hypotheses.
Thus, the first step that NuSI - funded researchers will take is to test
the competing hypotheses on weight loss, which can happen relatively quickly.
«We thought this was a very interesting set up and when we tested these two
competing hypotheses in this adoptive - based research design, we found there was no association between parenting and the child's intelligence later in life once we accounted for genetic influences,» Beaver said.
A competing hypothesis was that the thinner pages were a technological development, perhaps achieved by splitting skins apart or grinding and pounding them extremely thin.
Rather than using complex computer models to estimate the effects of greenhouse - gas emissions, Lovejoy examines historical data to assess
the competing hypothesis: that warming over the past century is due to natural long - term variations in temperature.
«[It] uses this large amount of data to evaluate
competing hypotheses and obtains very clear results.»
«Our analysis sets up a test of
competing hypotheses, and our preliminary results are consistent with expectations under hunting pressure.»
Current
competing hypotheses for the mammoth's extinction point to human hunting or climate change, possibly combining in a deadly one - two punch.
With more manned lunar exploration a decade or two away, the mysteries of the moon's geologic past remain in the realm of
competing hypotheses.
There are many
competing hypotheses.
Explaining the Reductions in U.S. Corn Ethanol Processing Costs: Testing
Competing Hypotheses, Xiaoguang Chen, Madhu Khanna, Energy Policy, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.01.032, February 9, 2012.
Once the first brown dwarf candidates were actually found, however, astronomers realized that it was actually quite difficult to definitely rule on the validity of
competing hypotheses about how a substellar object was actually formed without having been there.
It seems that if we apply
a competing hypothesis paradigm, ala Thomas Kuhn's definition of science, then neither idea can be fully excluded because they are can never fully be disaggregated for an real comparison.
Despite this, the hypothesis is supported by far more of the available evidence than is
any competing hypothesis of the etiology of FMS.
But let's look at
the competing hypotheses.
Our review of reasons to expect that age might be an important variable to consider in understanding the pursuit of online romance suggested two
competing hypotheses regarding the direction of any correlation3 we might observe between age and measures of extent of involvement in online dating and the use of Internet personals ads.
Two
competing hypotheses could explain this paradox.
Occam's Razor is the well - known principle that «among
competing hypotheses, the hypothesis with the fewest assumptions should be selected.»
In any case, it is likely that the existing evidence will not allow us to fully adjudicate between
competing hypotheses.
Occam's razor is a problem - solving principle that states that among
competing hypotheses, the one with the fewest assumptions should be chosen.
If you spend an hour or so a week keeping up in the journals (I confess I spend closer to eight to ten) then you would notice that in the last three years at least three
competing hypothesis for the cause of the PETM has circulated.
We always have multiple
competing hypotheses, although in the initial stages, none of those hypotheses may have strong evidence to support it.
Where
competing hypotheses are being considered, someone from the other side is better suited to appraising your methodology, provided they review with integrity (which would be the norm).
«Figure 1 illustrates the two
competing hypotheses concerning Atlantic hurricanes.
So perhaps a better framework is to deal with the idea of multiple
competing hypotheses.
Given how temps have progressed over the last couple of decades, and the existence of other
competing hypotheses to AGW that predict cooling, are you sure you want to make that bet?
Phlogiston, persisted as a theory because
no competing hypothesis existed at the time could better explained the data, and the data available at the time did not contradict the theory.
It states that among
competing hypotheses, the hypothesis with the fewest assumptions should be selected.
At best, you can substantiate a hypothesis by ruling out, statistically, a whole long list of
competing hypotheses, every one that has ever been proposed.
Suggesting that the deep ocean has sequestered the heat and will eventually release it again sounds to me a lot like
the competing hypothesis that the oceans play the dominant role in regulating our climate and global temperature, something Bob Tisdale has been banging on about for a long while, and seems to be gaining more and more traction.
Rather, the linked article, as best I understand it, holds the view that it a requires the presentation of
a competing hypotheses to challenge another and that a blog is not to be respected unless it establishes a party - line hypothesis and sticks to it.
With the recent decline in solar flux and the shift to cool phases of ocean oscillations, natural climate change suggests that although glacier retreat and sea level rise will likely continue over the next few decades, the rates of sea level rise and glacier retreats will slow down.The next decade will provide the natural experiment to test the validity of
competing hypotheses.
Now google «theory of climate» and you get a hodge - podge of hits none of which are climate theories but which are in fact
competing hypotheses of climate change.
The null is to be the more epistemologically modest of two
competing hypotheses.
To accept a hypothesis (CO2 effect) when you can not rule out
competing hypotheses is NOT science.
There are two
competing hypotheses right now.
This might not even be a majority voice (but only a plurality when there are more than two
competing hypotheses).
To the scientist, there are no such things as a scientific «truths»; there are only
competing hypotheses with which we have more or less confidence.
The problem is that we don't yet have enough data to distinguish between the two
competing hypotheses.
The creators of
the competing hypothesis will have to focus on the big picture too instead of attacking data sets (not that data sets shouldn't be recollected or reevaluated) or attacking interpretations or parts of interpretations.
This is reinforced by your view of
a competing hypothesis, which would have to offer explanation for what's happening now and project a different future, perhaps one where we breathe a sigh of relief...