Sentences with phrase «many different alleles»

The predominant modern su1 allele was found in all of the older Mexican cobs, but the younger New Mexican cobs had several different alleles, suggesting that this gene was still undergoing selection when maize reached North America.

To understand how the different alleles influence the immune response to vaccination, the researchers next looked in more detail at immune cells from 47 of the patients (34 had two major T alleles, and 13 had at least one minor G allele).

Because previous studies had suggested that different alleles (versions) of the IL - 28B gene affect immune responses, the researchers determined which alleles the transplant recipients carried.

Because of a lack of available antibodies and the inability to distinguish amongst various mutant forms of XPD differing only by single amino acid substitutions, we were unable to ascertain the relative amount of XPD protein from the different alleles.

A mitochondrial heteroplasmy occurs when an individual carries copies of mtDNA with different alleles.

If a second, different allele is present, it is considered a functional null.

Two elderly family members are unaffected despite having a compound heterozygote genotype with the pathogenic R304 * mutation and the A299V variant on two different alleles (6).

It requires as input a list of chromosomes and coordinates, and returns the count for different alleles among the genomes it references.

To evade the acquired immune response of the host while persisting in the blood, B. hermsii subsequently undergoes antigenic variation by expressing different alleles of the vsp / vlp gene family.

That is, if you have right allele, your body does well on a plant - based diet but if you have a different allele, you need to eat some amount of animal - based foods.

All the Labradoodles in the litter will have similar coat types (in this case, wavy and low shedding), the result of the combination of the different alleles of their two parents.

There are two common functionally different alleles at the 5 - HTTLPR site, the short (s) allele and the long (l) allele.

Not exact matches

Some genes have a variety of different forms, which are located at the same position on a chromosome; an allele is such a variant form of a gene.

In some cases, we can actually trace that increased risk to actual alleles that segregate at different frequencies in different populations (eg., diabetes in Native American populations).

«This study reveals for the first time a comprehensive picture of all active alleles in different tissues — we have uncovered the first complete allelome» Florian Pauler, now at ISTA (Institute of Science and Technology Austria) and co-senior author, adds.

In 1996, researchers discovered that low density bones and fractured vertebra seem to accompany a different form, or allele, of a gene called COLIA1.

For example, they revealed that most organisms have two copies of each gene, one from each parent, and that a gene comes in a variety of different forms, or alleles.

Each Pm3 allele in the four new lines displayed the same activity as in the parental line, which results in increased overall activity, since it came from two different gene variations.

Different Pm3 gene variations, or Pm3 alleles, encode different variations of the Different Pm3 gene variations, or Pm3 alleles, encode different variations of the different variations of the receptor.

The gene, called the Pm3 resistance gene, exists in different variations, so called alleles.

They took female waterhemp plants with no resistance alleles and allowed them to be pollinated by males with resistances to five different herbicides.

In his paper, Mr Gellatly demonstrates that it is likely men carry two different types of allele, which results in three possible combinations in a gene that controls the ratio of X and Y sperm;

These markers are alleles that have accumulated in different proportions among the world's populations.

Genetic recombination is the transmission - genetic process by which the combinations of alleles observed at different loci in two parental individuals become shuffled in offspring individuals.

For one thing, each chromosome contains tens of thousands of different genes (or rather, alleles of different genes), and it will still be quite a few years before you can specify each single gene.

If a mother has two different versions, or alleles, of a gene, conventional genetic testing can't work out which allele she passed on to her child, because her blood contains both.

The queen bee, who, in the course of their mating flight, mate with different drones multiple times, passes on to fertilized eggs a random combinations of two csd copies, so - called alleles.

When Parham compared the HLA genes of people from different regions of the world with the Neanderthal and Denisovan HLAs, he found evidence that non-African humans picked up new alleles from the hominins they interbred with.

The incidence of different traits, or alleles, in a population is driven by natural selection and genetic drift, which can randomly reduce genetic variation.

A naturally occurring variant in a different gene, the so - called APOE2 allele, has been previously shown to protect against Alzheimer's disease, but Stefansson says the new variant, while rarer, confers much greater protection.

The team looked at different versions, or alleles, of IL - 1ß in 366 stomach cancer patients and 429 people who had been infected with H. pylori but did not have stomach cancer.

The alleles in question were found on two different haplotypes — a set of alleles inherited by an individual from a single parent — in unrelated individuals.

Although phenotypic consequences, referred to here as biallelic effects, resulting from two different mutant alleles in compound heterozygote patients have been postulated, such effects have historically been difficult to distinguish from the influence of environment and genetic background.

Compound heterozygotes are individuals carrying two different mutant alleles of the same gene.

We report a variety of biallelic effects on organismal phenotype attributable to combinations of recessive Xpd alleles, including the following: (i) the ability of homozygous lethal Xpd alleles to ameliorate a variety of disease symptoms when their essential basal transcription function is supplied by a different disease - causing allele, (ii) differential developmental and tissue - specific functions of distinct Xpd allele products, and (iii) interallelic complementation, a phenomenon rarely reported at clinically relevant loci in mammals.

However, by examining «marker alleles,» or rare genetic differences, the researchers found that early colonizing strains are transferred from the mother, but that late colonizing strains are different and likely are acquired from the environment.

We addressed the potential of different recessive alleles to contribute to the enigmatic pleiotropy associated with XPD recessive disorders in compound heterozygous mouse models.

Extension of the above concept implies that recessive mutations can enter evolutionary selection in F1 provided that the second allele carries a different recessive alteration.

Consistent with this interpretation, a different targeted Xpd mutation encoding XPDR683W, which is associated with XP in the homozygous state in humans, was similarly underexpressed and lethal in the homozygous state (designated as † XP allele)(Figure 1A — 1C; Table 1; unpublished data).

The existence of the vegetarian allele implies that, for people with this variation, straying from that diet — by eating a lot of red meat, for example — may make them more susceptible to inflammation, because their bodies were optimized for a different mix of inputs.

To investigate whether or not somatic coding mutations contributed to the different antigenicity observed between clones, the authors undertook an in silico analysis of predicted MHC class I binding affinity for each allele of missense mutations.

Another problematic scenario is the use of inducible and conditional systems involving lines with different backgrounds (e.g., cre - expressing lines crossed with floxed alleles).

At the same time, several studies have outlined the fine specificity of different closely related alleles, in some cases clearly associated with predisposition to disease resistance or susceptibility.

«What was somewhat surprising is that we observe multiple different Neanderthal alleles contributing to skin and hair tones,» Janet Kelso, a computational biologist who co-authored the study with her colleague Michael Dannemann, told Seeker.

The latter work addresses questions including whether infection with different serotypes is associated with distinct types of T cell responses, whether any HLA alleles are associated with pathogenesis or protection, and whether vaccination with a formulation in clinical trials is associated with T cell responses similar to those following infection that might serve as correlates of protection.

DNA fingerprinting analysis at 16 independent loci indicated that both iPSCs generated by lentivirus infection (iPSC colony 19) and by transient transfection with episomal vectors (iPSC colony 1) and the original human fetal NSCs (ReNCell VM) shared all alleles investigated and were different from commonly available hESC lines.

Place matters: Parasites vary genetically in different regions of Africa, with some regions better matching the allele used in the vaccine, said Dr. Trevor Bedford, a Fred Hutch evolutionary biologist who helped in the analysis.

We also found the same pattern in APOE 34 carriers: carriers of the long and very long alleles had a slightly higher, but not statistically significantly different, AAO than did carriers of the short alleles (Supplemental Figure 4; http://neuroscienceresearch.wustl.edu/Pages/cruchaga2011.aspx).

But the protein is genetically diverse across different strains of malaria — probably from frequent mutations to avoid immune detection — and RTS, S includes just one form, or allele.

Modifications are likely to be different on each allele, deletions may range from one or two bases to several hundred.