Sentences with phrase «many epigenetic mechanisms»

In the new research, the UB scientists found they could reverse those social deficits with a very low dose of romidepsin, which, they found, restores gene expression and function using an epigenetic mechanism, where gene changes are caused by influences other than DNA sequences.

This cell - type - specific analysis was essential to demonstrate that there is a close interplay between epigenetic mechanisms and the spatial folding of the DNA in the cardiomyocytes» nucleus.

It is already known that various epigenetic mechanisms are associated with cell differentiation.

«Autism's social deficits are reversed by an anti-cancer drug: Using an epigenetic mechanism, romidepsin restored gene expression and alleviated social deficits in animal models of autism.»

Each cell carries this information tightly packed on a two - meter long DNA strand in the cell nucleus and specific epigenetic mechanisms control access to the «blueprint of life».

«3 - D folding of DNA provides important epigenetic mechanisms in the formation of cardiac muscle cells.»

The reasons for these changes are unclear, although environmental and epigenetic mechanisms (where environmental factors affect genetics) are likely to be involved.

David Shuker at the University of St Andrews, UK, is unconvinced by this or any of the other proposed examples of evolution via epigenetic mechanisms.

Epigenetic mechanisms give tortoiseshell cats their markings, but are also involved in our development in the womb and the day - to - day regulation of our genes

The researchers propose that this epigenetic mechanism allowed the cavefish to shed its eyes faster than if the change had happened via DNA mutations in eye genes.

That is a controversial suggestion, and one that will be music to the ears of those who think that evolution can occur via heritable epigenetic mechanisms, and that standard evolutionary theory needs to be broadened to include such processes.

Another important epigenetic mechanism is that the proteins that are packed together with DNA in the cell nucleus, called histones, can be chemically modified in their tails.

For example, genes involved in suppressing tumor formation are turned off via epigenetic mechanisms, and genes involved in rapid growth and replication are turned on too high.

There is no doubt that some animals respond to the environment via epigenetic mechanisms, he says, but these mechanisms have evolved via genetic changes.

Such transient effects of environmental factors to which earlier generations were exposed on the expression of characteristics in their progeny illustrate the unique, pliable nature of this epigenetic mechanism.

But we also know the activity of our own genes can be changed by our environment, through epigenetic mechanisms.

Such epigenetic mechanisms are high on the list of suspects when it comes to explaining how environmental factors that affect parents can later influence their children, such as in the Dutch second world war study, but just how these epigenetic changes might be passed on to future generations is a mystery.

Although researchers have long known that genetic and epigenetic mechanisms can alter cells» shapes, recent work has shown that the reverse is also true.

Interestingly, this study shows that altered dopamine levels can modify gene activity through epigenetic mechanisms despite the absence of genetic mutations of the DNA.»

He explains that cells could potentially lower their 19S subunit levels through a wide variety of epigenetic mechanisms, including microRNAs, transcription regulation, and histone modifications.

Instead, AP2 - G can be activated by epigenetic mechanisms providing a plausible explanation for how low - level sexual conversion is triggered,» says Cortés.

Now we know that epigenetic mechanisms also regulate many other important processes in malaria parasite biology, including sexual differentiation.»

But Emma Whitelaw of the Queensland Institute of Medical Research in Brisbane, Australia, cautions that the jury is still out on whether endocrine - disrupters are acting through epigenetic mechanisms.

Researchers from Ludwig - Maximilians - Universitaet (LMU) in Munich have demonstrated how deregulation of an epigenetic mechanism that is active only in the early phases of neurogenesis triggers the subsequent death of neural cells.

So that» the most straight forward situation, and in fact, we would have a good idea of how that occurs but it's not really through an epigenetic mechanism.

The transgenerational epigenetic mechanism of microRNA differed from a study that showed how treating the father's symptoms of an inherited disease can epigenetically treat the son.

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism used by cells to control gene expression.

But as you said, as an individual eats a high - fat diet or is exposed to other types of environmental exposures, the ability of the liver to adapt involves turning on and turning off certain liver genes to control the liver's activity, and that's mediated through these epigenetic mechanisms that modify the activity of established liver genes.

The brain attempts to adapt and respond to those challenges and that occurs in large part through changes in expression of brain genes through epigenetic mechanisms.

And we now know that it is the same epigenetic mechanisms that occur in brain as occur in liver, just involving, only the specifics differ — brain genes in brain, liver genes in liver.

And we now know in detail that exactly how, through epigenetic mechanisms, that differentiation occurs.

«What this opens up are many questions regarding the epigenetic mechanisms that mediate cross-generational brain effects,» said Dr. Hurd.

Unfortunately, in some cases, the tumor uses different epigenetic mechanisms, independent of estrogen, to repress the HOXC10 gene.

Further, since the disruption of epigenetic mechanisms may cause diseases such as cancer, diabetes and autoimmune disorders, these new findings could have implications for human health.

A breast cancer therapy that blocks estrogen synthesis to activate cancer - killing genes sometimes loses its effectiveness because the cancer takes over epigenetic mechanisms, including permanent DNA modifications in the patient's tumor, once again allowing tumor growth, according to an international team headed by the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI).

They review data relating to birth size and early growth in both preterm and term born infants and emerging data on the role of epigenetic mechanisms.

In order to identify the cancer stem cells from other cells in the tumor, the research team studied epigenetic mechanisms that distinguish between the least - sorted cells, with endless division properties and a potential to create growth, and the more sorted cells which lack this ability.

And it was in the late 90's when mC was recognized as the main cause of epigenetic mechanisms: it is able to switch genes on or off depending on the physiological needs of each tissue.

One of the most studied epigenetic mechanisms is a process called DNA methylation, which was the focus of the current study.

Notably, this ESC / E (Z)(Extra Sex Combs / Enhancer of Zeste) gene complex regulates epigenetic mechanisms that govern the transcription of genes into proteins in response to the environment — including sex hormones and stressors.

The research centre currently consists of seven groups studying epigenetic mechanisms regulating cellular differentiation programs.

It is an epigenetic mechanism for the passage of information from the maternal oocyte to the zygote.»

But because the vinclozolin - induced fertility changes occurred in almost every male rat descended from a treated mother rather than in a small percentage of offspring (as is seen in germ line mutations caused by radiation), Skinner suspects an epigenetic mechanism — a change that doesn't mutate the DNA sequence of an animal, but rather affects how genes are expressed.

«We found that epigenetic mechanisms due to chemical modification of the histones and DNA appear to be very important in alcohol - related behaviors,» said Pandey.

Hypermethylation of DNA is a key epigenetic mechanism for the silencing of many genes, including those for cell cycle regulation, receptors, DNA repair, and apoptosis (5, 6, 7, 8).

The role of epigenetic mechanisms in suppression of HIV - 1 transcription during latency has not been fully addressed to date.

The methylation of DNA is one of the epigenetic mechanisms regulating the functioning of the genome, influenced by not only by variations in DNA sequence, but also environmental factors such as fluctuations in the circadian rhythm.

We aim at understanding (1) the regulatory properties emerging from and the constrains imposed by the modular and dynamic organisation of the network; (2) the epigenetic mechanisms ensuring the rapid reestablishment of the network after each cell division and, conversely, those promoting its dismantling upon differentiation; (3) the contribution of non-coding RNAs to the regulation of the network's activity.

FOXA1 activation, inducing enhancer reprogramming that endows a cancer cell with metastatic properties, is an epigenetic mechanism, as opposed to a genetic one, that explains at least one mechanism of metastasis in this form of pancreatic cancer, and likely, other cancer types as well.

Project description The PhD student position will be associated with projects concerning environmental toxicology and epigenetic mechanisms.