Frankencell J. Craig Venter's attempt to create an artificial cell containing the smallest possible number of
essential genes.
And scientists have isolated some of
the essential genes that allow bacteria to tolerate their harsh living conditions — because these same genes might help in the creation of new vaccines.
This means that
these essential genes are regulated by two epigenetic layers.
Targeting
an essential gene of a crop pest can turn dsRNA into a precise and potent insecticide.
«By using chloroplast transformation we generated potato plants that accumulate high amounts of long stable dsRNAs targeting
essential genes in the beetle,» says Ralph Bock.
If the altered genome wasn't viable, they knew they had cut out
an essential gene that had to be restored.
Under constitutive silencing of these young
essential genes, lethality was high in the pupal stage and also found in the larval stages.
... Accessing systems... cataloging human genomic data... compiling... analyzing... detecting
essential genes... learning... modeling... accessing literature... tracking pathogens... outbreaks... viral interactions... RNAi... CRISPR... learning... modeling... analyzing social networks... crypto mining... ordering synthetic biopolymers... sending... waiting...
By searching for gene deletion patterns in cancer through a concept the investigators call «synthetic essentiality,» the team identified a synthetic
essential gene known as chromatin helicase DNA - binding factor (CHD1) as a therapeutic target for prostate and breast cancers lacking a tumor suppressor gene called phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN).
«We reasoned that this retained synthetic
essential gene might be required for cancer - promoting actions when the cancers lose specific tumor suppressor genes.»
Ping and others have similarly found such
essential genes in bacteria or in mice.
Even so, Goldstein is quick to point out that 3230 is not the complete set of
essential genes in the human body and that only by studying more exomes will researchers be able to refine that number.
Scientists from the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) have discovered that NANOG,
an essential gene for embryonic stem cells, also regulates cell division in stratified epithelia — those that form part of the epidermis of the skin or cover the esophagus or the vagina — in adult organisms.
Because CRISPR will never fully be rid of off - target effects, the key question for a given therapy is not strictly how many unwanted cuts it makes, but whether it disrupts
any essential genes, says Jiing - Kuan Yee, a molecular biologist at the research center City of Hope in Duarte, California.
They have learned how to turn on and off
essential genes and how to transform embryonic stem cells into retinal cells, which can be transplanted into mice to restore vision.
The results of our microRNA (miRNA) profile analysis for these cells revealed that CSCs that are highly metastatic to bone and brain expressed significantly lower level of miR - 7 and that this miRNA was capable of modulating one of
the essential genes for induced pluripotent stem cell, KLF4.
At the most basic level, viral vectors consist of a viral genome that has been adapted into a plasmid - based technology and modified for safety through the removal of many
essential genes and the separation of the viral components.
Pol III is pretty complicated — it is made up of 17 different subunits encoded by 17 different
essential genes.
When a new copy of their DNA gets inserted into our genome, it can disrupt
an essential gene.
Overlap — Finally, successful drug targets significantly overlap with disease genes — those in which a mutation can cause a specific disease, such as cystic fibrosis — and with
essential genes, that are required for normal development.
Deletion of
an essential gene from a cell eventually leads to the death of this cell or a severe proliferation defect.
In a breakthrough study, Blomen et al. (Science, 2015) used extensive mutagenesis to describe the complete set of
essential genes in the human haploid cell line Hap1.
«This new genomic platform would allow us to quickly engineer
any essential gene in the «simplest» M. mycoides genome and obtain a quick, binary «yes» or «no» answer as to whether the modification introduced could support cellular viability.
We identify METTL3 as
an essential gene for growth of acute myeloid leukaemia cells in two distinct genetic screens.
We use the Haplobank in reverse genetic screens to investigate the temporal resolution of
essential genes in mES cells, and to identify novel genes that control sprouting angiogenesis and lineage specification of blood vessels.
Comparison to the Bifidobacterium and B. breve core genomes highlights a high degree of conservation of
essential genes at the species and genus level, while comparison to essential gene datasets from other gut bacteria identified
essential genes that appear specific to bifidobacteria.
On average, < 1 coding base substitution / tumor is lost through negative selection, with purifying selection almost absent outside homozygous loss of
essential genes.
To assist drug development through the identification of
essential genes and pathways, we have measured competitive growth rates in mice of 2,578 barcoded Plasmodium berghei knockout mutants, representing > 50 % of the genome, and created a phenotype database.
We designed our strategy to select against re-targeting the «knockout - first» allele and identify
essential genes in ES cells, including the histone methyltransferase Setdb1.
Here, through a genome - wide CRISPR - Cas9 - mediated forward genetic screen, we identified MORC2 as
an essential gene required for epigenetic silencing by the HUSH complex.
As a proof of principle, we performed saturation editing of
the essential gene SEC14 and identified amino acids critical for chemical inhibition of lipid signaling.
Not exact matches
The worry is that «the technical ability to disaggregate and recombine genetic, gestational and rearing connections and to control the
genes of offspring may... undermine
essential protections for offspring, couples, family and society.»
Genetic Variants of the FADS1 FADS2
Gene Cluster Are Associated with Altered (n - 6) and (n - 3)
Essential Fatty Acids in Plasma and Erythrocyte Phospholipids in Women during Pregnancy and in Breast Milk during Lactation
Because the
genes that are massively amplified in the neochromosomes are
essential for the cell's survival, drugs that turn those off are an obvious target for research.
The Hawaiian strain changed that thinking: «How is this wild isolate alive and happy without a
gene that's supposed to be
essential for development?»
A virus containing the
gene that codes for two molecular «switches»
essential for turning skin cells into brown fat was used to trigger the change (Nature, DOI: 10.1038 / nature08262).
The huntingtin
gene is
essential for embryonic development, and scientists have already shown that if mouse embryos don't have it at conception, they die in utero.
They then began testing each of those
genes to see which were
essential to the microbe's survival.
They studied KAP1, a
gene that codes for an
essential protein associated with several fundamental processes in neurodevelopment.
A study published June 1 by Nature Communications reports scientists identify a new
gene essential to this process, shedding new light on possible new therapeutic strategies.
It was therefore
essential to determine whether a causal link exists between methylation and
gene expression, rather than relying on a simple correlation.
These
genes date back to the early origin of life on the planet, and they're so
essential that their text has been preserved for more than 3 billion years.
He essentially re-created Keeler's blind mice by shutting down
genes essential for the development of rods and cones while still exposing his subjects to cycles of light and dark.
A new study indicates an
essential role for a maternally inherited
gene in embryonic development.
Functioning with 473
genes, the cell is a milestone in his team's 20 - year quest to reduce life to its bare
essentials and, by extension, to design life from scratch.
Last January, state - of - the - art computer aided modeling enabled the researchers to identify an anti-cancer agent capable of deactivating a
gene known to be
essential for the metastatic spread of breast cancer.
«We've sequenced everything on this planet, and we still don't know 149
genes that are most
essential for life!»
This
gene helps makes collagen, the protein that forms bone matrix and is
essential for bone growth.
In this way, the team identified a new small protein, growth inhibitor
gene product (Gp) 0.6, which specifically targets and inhibits the activity of a protein
essential to bacterial cells.
The actin
gene encodes a structural protein that is
essential for cell integrity.