Sentences with phrase «many macromolecules»

However, there might have been some simpler macromolecule which then built up the DNA or some other macromolecule capable of reproducing itself.

We anticipate some sort of growth toward increased complexity: increasingly larger organic macromolecules, then the convergence of many macromolecules to constitute a simple living system, either as a cell with its protective wall and vital nucleus or as some functional analogue, then the convergence of many cells to form larger organisms.

The speech appropriate to macromolecules capable of converging to form the nucleus of a living cell is characteristically different from the ethical imperative addressing twentieth - century Americans.

One - celled microorganisms, in developing their metabolism, will depend in turn upon whatever macromolecules are available, so we should expect every world to have its own way of organizing simple living systems.

The emergence of life is perhaps the single most dramatic example on this planet, yet even life also requires a material substratum of organic macromolecules out of which this radically novel form of existence could emerge.

The brain alone contains 1010 cells, hence about 1015 macromolecules.

True, to understand worms we need to understand cells and macromolecules, but not mesons and nucleons.

And even the comprehension of cells and macromolecules can never tell us all the important things that need to be known about worms.

This is to say each of us has in our brains about as many macromolecules as there have been seconds since our part of the cosmos began to assume its present form.

Professor Paul Weiss (1969) has put this very dramatically by pointing out that the average cell in our bodies contains about 105 macromolecules.

The guiding principle in the field today is (in the words of chemist Cyril Ponnamperuma) that «there are inherent properties in the atoms and molecules which seem to direct the synthesis in the direction most favorable» for producing the macromolecules of life.

For example, after the macromolecules of amino acids or nucleic acids have become sufficiently abundant, the possibility of living cells becomes a relevant new form of ordered novelty in the world's advance.

This plant contains plenty of macromolecule, omega three oils and antioxidants that area unit helpful to health.

This means that the spaces between the cells of the small intestines will readily allow intact macromolecules, including whole proteins and pathogens, to pass directly into the bloodstream.

less than or equal to lamivudine Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Antiretroviral therapy, usually means 1 - 2 drugs, used in early studies Antiretroviral zidovudine (also known as ZDV) Breastfeeding Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative Breastfeeding and HIV International Transmission Study Combined antiretroviral therapy Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Deoxyribonucleic Acid Exclusive Breastfeeding Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay Food and Agrigulture Organization Fixed dose combination ART, e.g., lamividine, stavudine, and nevirapine Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, 3 or more drugs for more effective treatment used in later studies Human Immunodeficiency virus International Atomic Energy Agency Infant feeding Infant and young child feeding Lopinavir cubic millimetre Mother - to - Child Transmission of HIV Non-governmental organization Nevirapine Polymerase Chain Reaction People Living with HIV Prevention of Mother - to - Child Transmission Replacement Feeding Ritonavir Ribonucleic acid, one of the three major macromolecules (along with DNA and proteins) that are essential for all known forms of life single dose NVP United Nations Agencies Joint United Nations Programme on HIV / AIDS United Nations Population Fund United Nations Commissioner for Refugees United Nations Children's Fund U.S. Agency for International Development World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action United Nations World Food Programme World Health Assembly WHO 2010 Guidelines on HIV and infant feeding World Health Organization Zidovudine (same drug as AZT)

The cells within their small intestine are «open» (they have spaces between them) which allows whole proteins and pathogens (amongst other macromolecules) to get into their bloodstream and basically create havoc within their little digestive systems!

The colostral stage is further characterized by high abundance of mRNAs (CTSD, CTSB, PSAP) that encode proteins involved in macromolecule catabolism (Table 3).

Yale University was one of the few places using x-ray crystallography to study the structure and function of such biological macromolecules.

Scientists have shifted from studying single molecules to investigating large complexes of interacting biological macromolecules involved in processes such as metabolic pathways, gene expression, and development of disease.

Single - wall fullerene nanotubes were converted from nearly endless, highly tangled ropes into short, open - ended pipes that behave as individual macromolecules.

Macromolecules abound in nature, and PG5 is about the same size as a tobacco mosaic virus.

In one project published recently in the journal Macromolecules, the Lipomi lab discovered that polymers with strings of seven carbon atoms attached produce exactly the right balance of stretchability and functionality.

«But they can not do this in the complex macromolecules we make because with so many block copolymer arms formed, there is no space.

The formation of different phases during drying leads to dramatically different fluid movement and solid deposition and also provides insight needed for the control of drying solutions of macromolecules that occur in many dyes and pharmaceutical formulations.

They are stronger than steel, but the most important uses for these threadlike macromolecules may be in faster, more efficient and more durable electronic devices

Recent research findings were detailed in a paper published online in May in the journal Macromolecules.

The element nitrogen (N) is a key component of all organic macromolecules.

The DNA which carries genetic information in cells is normally packaged in the form of one or more large macromolecules called chromosomes.

The exact parameters are scarce for many macromolecules, often forcing researchers to use parameters that closely, but not exactly, match the experiment.

Proteins are fundamental macromolecules for life, with a diversity of functions, like acting as channels through cellular walls, catalysers, DNA benders, etc..

Next, they removed large macromolecules like antibodies as well as salt fragments, and discarded all molecules that exert their biological effects through mechanisms other than protein - ligand interactions, are not used to treat diseases or are found only in topical products.

«While these macromolecules are important for the parent cell, they pose hindrances during cell division to segregating the copied chromosomes to daughter cells properly,» said Dr. Norihiko Nakazawa, of OIST's G0 Cell Unit, the paper's first author.

They further speculate that these eliminated macromolecules might be regenerated by the cellular machinery of the daughter cell when necessary.

We have also used the method to get images of focal adhesions — sub-cellular macromolecules which the cell uses to attach to its environment.

«Because we can see individual macromolecules moving about in a living cell, we can study chemistry at a single - molecule level and in real life.

Seeing hydrogen is critical to studying protonation states of an enzyme and ligand — a molecule that binds to a biological macromolecule — and to analyzing the architecture of hydrogen - bonding networks.

«More into detail, we found out that in viscous environments, of which living cells are an example, the mobility of produced macromolecules like proteins declines.

The macromolecules also enhance and prolong the creaminess, which is associated with a high quality ice cream.»

The American Journal of Polymer Science describes itself as «a continuous forum for the dissemination of thoroughly peer - reviewed, fundamental, international research into the preparation and properties of macromolecules.»

She points out the role of hydrocolloids: «Normally the perception of a cold - ice sensation is negative for the consumer, but we have seen that this is eliminated or delayed when these macromolecules are added.

Because of that, the macromolecules are produced faster than they can diffuse away, leading to local reaction hotspots.

In this way, an analysis can be made as to what happens when the researchers «play» with the basic ingredients of the ice cream: cream, egg yolk, sugar, milk and thickening agents like gums or hydrocolloids, macromolecules that give the product thickness and stability.

Like their parents, antigen - free mice are also germ free, but they are also fed a meticulously assembled, ultra-refined «elemental» diet comprised of basic building blocks of life that keeps them alive and healthy, but is free of antigens (macromolecules) that can activate the immune system.

These tubes function as biological pipelines that transport and deliver life - sustaining liquids, gases or macromolecules from one site in the body to another.

This property means that these liquid crystals hold potential for biomedical applications, where their changing internal patterns could signal the presence of specific proteins or other biological macromolecules.

Cheng and his experts have received a $ 700,000, five - year grant from the National Science Foundation to continue pursuing this new pathway for designing and constructing the novel macromolecule.

Previous work has shown that if a 200 - kHz field is applied to these macromolecules, the spindle can't form properly.

Taking a revolutionary «building blocks» approach, researchers have pioneered a way to create a new class of very large polymer molecules, called macromolecules, which assemble themselves into strong, stable structures.

Be it snow on a slope that can sit there for days before being sent descending by an overambitious skier or bonds in macromolecules that change dramatically upon appropriate activation — systems that reside for extended periods of times in one state before switching rapidly to another, energetically more favourable one are found in many different contexts.

The novel process they developed and their results, which could help the world deal with its agricultural and plastic waste problems, appear in the ACS journal Macromolecules.