Sentences with phrase «many observational studies»

But it's important to note that these results were from observational studies of healthy adults, and there could still be plenty of confounding factors that lead to dementia.

Because observational studies look at groups of people and their behavior over time, it's hard to say for sure that other conflicting factors aren't influencing the outcomes they examine.

Most of the health benefits researchers have found have been in observational studies, meaning we don't know that drinking coffee is responsible for the reductions in disease risk.

Besides randomized controlled clinical trials, there are a number of ways researchers can study how a particular cancer treatment is playing out in the real world: there are retrospective studies, observational studies, and even prospective research done using patient registries.

And yet the largest observational study — again we don't have controlled experiments — found that childhood swearing is largely innocuous.

A 2014 review of observational studies found that poor sleep is a risk factor for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's.

From the observational studies, which consisted of around 406,000 participants in total, the researchers found a link between artificial sweeteners and a small increase in BMI (plus a slight increase in the likelihood of developing Type 2 diabetes).

Others are observational studies which examine data in the whole population.

In a follow - up to its 2008 report that found that attending services increases life expectancy, the Women's Health Initiative observational study based this report on a survey of 92,539 post-menopausal women over 50.

Strong evidence from observational studies has shown that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease.

Several observational studies have looked at the link between increased consumption of onions and a reduced risk of certain types of cancers, including stomach, breast, colon, prostate and ovarian.

This is an abstract of an observational study that can establish only association but does not prove causality; this is confirmed by the authors themselves in the press release when they state ``... so we can not say that low kilojoule beverage cause these problems... there may be other factors about people who drink more diet drinks that could explain the connection.»

In a systematic review and meta - analysis of 28 prospective observational studies, representing 1,109,272 participants, every additional cup of caffeinated and decaffeinated Kona consumed in a day was associated with a 9 % (95 % CI 6 %, 11 %) and 6 % (95 % CI 2 %, 9 %) lowered type 2 diabetes, respectively.

Though expecting parents and their doctors have had some pretty wacky ideas about prenatal nutrition through the millennia, today, we have an abundance of observational studies and experiments to back up our nutritional strategies.

Observational studies show a drastic reduction in heart disease risk for the people who consume the most quality dark chocolate.

ABA had the following response to an observational study in the journal Stroke: «Low - calorie sweeteners have been proven safe by worldwide government...

Ethics of human subject participation: As this was an observational study with no human subjects, no ethical approval was necessary.

In a systematic review and meta - analysis of 28 prospective observational studies, representing 1,109,272 participants, every additional cup of caffeinated and decaffeinated kona consumed in a day was associated with a 9 % (95 % CI 6 %, 11 %) and 6 % (95 % CI 2 %, 9 %) lower risk of type 2 diabetes, respectively.

Given the observational study designs with the inherent possibility of residual confounding and reverse causation phenomena, a cautious interpretation of the results is recommended.

This observation has precipitated numerous observational studies and randomized controlled trials of the effect of added sugars or SSB consumption on body weight and cardiovascular disease risk factors (6, 8, 9).

Meta - analysis of observational studies quantifying the association between the Healthy dietary pattern and the risk of depression.

Contour - enhanced funnel plot of the observational studies that examined the association between the Healthy dietary pattern and the risk of depression.

An observational study on consumers» accessing of nutrition information in chain restaurants

Observational studies have concluded that breastfeeding may reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke in mothers.

Infant sleeping position and the sudden infant death syndrome: systematic review of observational studies and historical review of recommendations from 1940 to 2002.

These were large scale, well done observational studies that were corrected as well as humanly possible for confounders.

When randomization is impossible, impractical or unethical, carefully performed observational studies are a fine substitute.

On the evidence side, I know that the evidence primarily comes from observational studies, and there are methodological issues with measuring dose and duration of breastfeeding particularly after the introduction of complementary foods, however the evidence is fairly consistent in showing a reduction in gastrointestinal, respiratory and ear infections (see «Breastfeeding and maternal and infant outcomes in developed countries» http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17764214).

Planned Hospital Birth versus Planned Home Birth Observational studies of increasingly better quality and in different settings suggest that planned home birth in many places can be as safe as planned hospital birth and with less intervention and fewer complications.

Observational studies of increasingly better quality and in different settings suggest that planned home birth in many places can be as safe as planned hospital birth and with less intervention and fewer complications.

There are also intriguing observational studies tracking human children over the short - term.

We can not tell which benefits found in an observational study derive from breastfeeding rather than from the myriad other advantages linked with breastfeeding.

Twenty - one studies, including two random controlled trials and nineteen observational studies, were used to compare nurse - midwifery outcomes to those by physicians.

This was purely an observational study, its not truely research, more an audit of their outcomes.

Basically, the observational studies find that when very low - risk women have home births following thorough prenatal care, attended by skilled practitioners who transfer to hospital promptly when signs of a problem appear, the absolute increase in risk to the child is small, less than 1 per 1000.

I didn't see any evidence (1) actually connecting the former to the latter, (2) that the differences at birth are lasting, (3) that the purported diseases associated with the microbiome in adulthood are the same ones associated with c - section (the author cites obesity, but we know that those observational studies re: c - section and obesity are deeply flawed by confounding)(4) that the «microbiotic» benefit of vaginal birth exists regardless of maternal health and matenral microbiome.

And those observational studies?

Observational studies show that securely - attached children are less likely to develop behavior problems (Madigan et al 2015).

For example, in an observational study, researchers tracked the behavior of toddlers from the age of two, and then tested the children's spatial abilities when they were four and a half.

Although the observational studies that underlie our models all adjusted for multiple confounders, including known risk factors for the disease outcomes of interest, risk factors for early breastfeeding cessation such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, and obesity are also risk factors for metabolic disease in later life.

We have randomized controlled trials and observational studies.

Our analyses focused on five conditions that have been consistently associated with breastfeeding in observational studies that adjusted for parity as well as known or suspected confounders such as diet, physical activity, oral contraceptive use (in the case of cancer and hypertension), 6,7,18 and socioeconomic status (Table 1).

Although breastfeeding in contemporary, industrialized nations is associated with higher social class, IQ differences between breastfed children and children not fed breast milk remain significant in most observational studies even after adjustments for class - related confounding factors (16, 17).

The relationship between maternal intravenous fluids and breast changes in the postpartum period: a pilot observational study

Research is starting to address these issues by using different types of trials that do a better job simulating «real life», and these pragmatic trials look a lot like prospective observational studies.

The performance of different propensity - score methods for estimating differences in proportions (risk differences or absolute risk reductions) in observational studies.

All of these factors that go into our decision to breastfeed for 4 or 6 or 12 months are hard to measure and hard to control for in an observational study.

The cohort has a high representation of women from disadvantaged and lower socioeconomic groups, who are of particular interest in the targeting of breastfeeding interventions.29, 30 We can not exclude residual confounding by factors that we were not able to account for within this observational study.

A small observational study found that women who reported having sex after 39 weeks were much less likely to go post-term or need to be induced.

Although not directly comparable, our findings are in broad agreement with those from routine data in Scotland that have indicated a positive association between Baby Friendly accreditation, but not certification, and breastfeeding at 1 week of age.17 Our findings reinforce those of Coutinho and colleagues who reported that high exclusive breastfeeding rates achieved in Brazilian hospitals implementing staff training with the course content of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative were short - lived and not sustained at home unless implemented in combination with post-natal home visits.35 Similarly in Italy, training of staff with an adapted version of the Baby Friendly course content resulted in high breastfeeding rates at discharge, with a rapid decrease in the days after leaving hospital.36 In contrast, a cluster randomized trial in Belarus (PROBIT) found an association between an intervention modelled on the Baby Friendly Initiative with an increased duration of breastfeeding37 an association also reported from an observational study in Germany.38 Mothers in Belarus stay in hospital post-partum for 6 — 7 days, and in Germany for 5 days, with post-natal support likely to be particularly important in countries where mothers stay in the hospital for a shorter time, with early discharge likely to limit the influence of a hospital - based intervention.