Sentences with phrase «many odorants»

Turin says the strongest tests of his theory so far come from studies in which researchers replace an odorant atom with an isotope of that atom, which has a slightly different weight and changes the molecule's frequency of vibration.

The group calculated that an electron could «tunnel» through the barrier imposed by the odorant, an effect made possible by quantum mechanics, they wrote in a preprint accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters.

Turin's more controversial theory, put forth in 1996 and now the subject of two popular books, holds instead that odorant receptors sense the way a molecule's atoms jiggle.

Before it tunnels, the electron distorts the odorant molecule's electrical field.

A study published in 2004 in Nature Neuroscience, for example, found that people could not discriminate between two such odorants.

The researchers imagined that the odorant fits into a spot between a site that donates an electron and one that receives the electron.

«But in fact, there are many more than 128 odorants, and so the actual number will be much, much bigger.»

In the case of β - ionone, the smell associated with violets, McRae and colleagues managed to pinpoint the exact mutation (a change in the DNA sequence) in the odorant receptor gene OR5A1 that underlies the sensitivity to smell the compound and to perceive it as a floral note — people who are less good at smelling β - ionone also describe the smell differently, as sour or pungent, and are less likely to find it pleasant.

Zwiebel and colleagues scanned the mosquito genome looking for genes similar to those that generate fruit fly odorant receptors, proteins that project from nerve cells and initiate a biochemical cascade when they encounter certain molecules in the air.

McRae and colleagues found that the genetic variants associated all lie in or near genes that encode so - called odorant or olfactory receptors.

The smells of these four odorants are familiar, for those who can smell them (though their names may not be): malt (isobutyraldehyde), apple (β - damascenone), blue cheese (2 - heptanone), and β - ionone, which smells floral to some people and is particularly abundant in violets.

This tragedy prompted companies to start adding an «odorant» into natural gas, which is odorless.

This latest smell prediction effort began with a recent study by olfactory researcher Leslie Vosshall and colleagues at The Rockefeller University in New York City, in which 49 volunteers rated the smell of 476 vials of pure odorants.

From there, they extrapolated how many different scents the average person would be able to discriminate if they were presented with all the possible mixtures that could be made from their 128 odorants.

The odorant receptor molecules sit on the surface of sensory nerve cells in our nose.

It reduced the pulse frequency of the cultivated mini hearts; the higher the odorant concentration, the more significant the reduction.

«If the ointment is applied over the heart, the concentration of odorants that penetrate through the skin might be sufficient to have an effect on the heart; there are some hints of that,» says Hatt.

In the cardiomyocytes, they activated the OR51E1 receptor with the odorant nonanoic / decanoic acid, which causes a rancid - fatty olfactory sensation.

Once the researchers removed the odorant, the mini hearts returned to their normal rate.

According to the Bochum - based scent researcher, it is conceivable that the odorant might be administered percutaneously.

For example, using solvents or a technique called solid - phase micro-extraction, Preti pulls odorants from an underarm pad fitted to a subject.

The problem is that our diet, medications, toiletries and other factors make it difficult to discern natural scent from manufactured odorants.

The team performed a series of tests, including comparative Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis (AEDA) as well as sensory evaluation by a panel of 10 participants who had received extensive training in identifying different wine odorants.

For example, based on the perception of the hundreds of odorant molecules found in coffee, the piriform cortex would be able to recognize a single odor, that of coffee.

Paying attention to the fact that each olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) expresses an OR, Shun «ichi Kuroda, Professor and Nobuo Yoshimoto, Specially Appointed Associate Professor at the Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University in cooperation with Masato Suzuki, Chief Researcher, Advanced Research Division, Panasonic Corporation made a system in which OSNs from mice were applied to a microchamber array on a microscope slide and fluorescence was yielded when ORs responded to odorants.

Like OSNs, animal cells expressing ORs responded to the odorant of interest, emitting fluorescence.

The model is based on measurements of odorants by means of the analytical technique PTR - MS.

To this purpose, the scientists used a newly developed mobile odour laboratory equipped with a PTR - MS for measuring odorants and an olfactometer.

Both methods have advantages and disadvantages, but the optimum method would be to be able to quantify the connection between the smell that the human nose experiences and the actual, measured amount of specific odorants in the air.

The fear of obnoxious odorants may also be a hindrance if pig farmers want to expand their herds.

Floating and untrapped cells were removed by circulating Ringer solution and stimulated with an odorant (c).

The scientists also aimed to identify significant odorants in order to assess odour emission from the pig facilities as well as the effect of technologies that reduce odour problems.

Usually, it takes a nose to smell, but now — for the first time — scientists have developed a convincing model able to measure odours from pig farms by means of precise measurements of the content of odorants in the atmosphere.

This achievement will enable quick and easy exhaustive analysis of ORs responding to specific odorants, which previously required a great deal of time and effort.

It would be even better if we were able to carry out the analyses on location at the pig farm; this way you can avoid having to bring bags of air back to the laboratory at the risk of «running out of air,» i.e. losing some of the odorants.

Using the Single - Cell Automatic Analysis and Isolation System developed in 2013, this group isolated single OSNs responding to specific odorants in a time - lapse single - cell - array cytometric manner and identified the OR gene through single cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

14 Penn State engineers are trying to design an artificial sniffer based on the fluid mechanics and odorant transport of the canine nose.

«New method for exhaustively isolating olfactory receptors responding to specific odorants: Step toward the elucidation of a mechanism for recognizing odorants in mammals.»

By means of the new technique the highly variable sensory response from the human nose may be predicted based on the more precise chemical measurement of odorants.

«We were quite surprised that by silencing just this single odorant receptor, flies could no longer localize their preferred egg - laying substrate.»

For the first time is has been demonstrated that measurements of odorants in the air may be an alternative to dynamic olfactometry that can be applied for measuring odour from pig houses and the effects of odour abatement technologies.

A research group led by Osaka University and Panasonic Corporation developed a method for making a prompt, exhaustive isolation of olfactory receptors (ORs) responding to the odorant of interest.

This preference is controlled by one single odorant receptor.

A side effect of losing PRMT - 5 in C. elegans is a heightened sense of smell: In the worms, dopamine signaling acts as a brake or check on the sensory system's response to odorants.

Christine Mißbach, first author of the study, analyzed the active genes in the insect antennae where the olfactory receptors are located and describes her discovery this way: «Astonishingly, the firebrat, which is more closely related to flying insects, employs several co-receptors, while the odorant receptors themselves are absent.»

However, the researchers did not find any evidence for an olfactory system which is based on odorant receptors in the most basal insect, the jumping bristletail.

Despite these miniscule variations, the flies showed a consistent preference for one arm of the maze over the other, the team reports online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, suggesting that the flies could tell the difference between the odorants.

Odorants such as acetophenone and deuterated acetophenone, for example, have the same molecular structure; one is just built from a slightly heavier hydrogen atom, known as deuterium.

Beta - adrenergic receptor kinase - 2 and beta - arrestin - 2 as mediators of odorant - induced desensitization

The nasal airflow measurement and the presentation of odorants were done using a modified pediatric nasal cannula and a custom built olfactometer.