View the original article here: New DNA encyclopedia attempts to
map function of entire human genome
«Future studies will not only seek to further
map the function of AIM2 in infectious diseases, but also to track its role in other disorders, including cancer,» Man said.
Macey and his colleagues are continuing to
map the functions of this area, and make connections between changes and the risks of a wide range of diseases.
Not exact matches
Again, it's possible that Google is withholding
maps in an effort to differentiate its Android phones from iPhone, but it's equally likely that Apple may not allow such an app because it competes with a core
function of its device.
Google
of course pioneered 360 photos years ago with Street View, the ground - eye - view
function of its
Maps app that has since become indispensable for people trying to find their way around.
The video shows off the device's camera, search and
map functions, as well as a language translator, meaning, yes, we may finally have a real - life Babel fish
of sorts.
There's obviously no Google Street View or Flyover, the 3D
function of Apple's much - maligned
Maps effort, which is too bad because even Flyover can give you a sense
of where you're actually going if you're not familiar with the city.
Search engines
functioned using a keyword - based
mapping system; they would identify certain keywords and keyword phrases in your query, then generate a list
of the places on the web where those terms were used most frequently and most prominently.
Another view
of the financial partners» contributions, shown as an overlay
of the various
functions carried out in the enterprise, is diagrammed on Financial Partners Contributions
Map.
I believe Capek would agree with me that
mapping time spatially has its useful
functions, but that this is an abstract rendering
of time from which becoming can not be derived.
The very
function of the phase
of presentational immediacy is to provide a representation or
mapping of the datum, which is dimly discerned at the level
of causal efficacy.
This is primarily the
function of the study
of geography — not mainly as a learning
of place names, populations, and products and a drawing and reading
of maps and charts, but as a responsible consideration
of the earth as mankind's home.
This produces a «
map» and the exact numerical value
of the pressure in each area
of the foot in
function at the time.
Following an interactive demonstration
of watershed
function, students take to the trails and use a contour
map to study how the shape
of the land directs water flow.
These
functions include a variety
of activities which assist both governmental agencies and the general public, such as: (1) Review and approve and sign street acquisition and damage
maps for Department
of Transportation (DOT) and Department
of Environmental Protection (DEP); (2) Review and approve street alteration
maps; (3) Review and ensure the maintenance
of survey monument information; (4) Review and ensure maintenance
of street grade and elevation data for the Borough; (5) Issuance
of street house numbers and the management
of the topographical record room; (6) Present new revenue stream ideas and develop the fee structure for topography services and a system to collect, maintain and reconcile said fees; and (7) Work with the Office
of Management and Budget, the Comptroller's Office and other Borough President's Offices to ensure that the fee structure and collection system is compatible and appropriate.
In this special section
of Science, expert contributors retrace the long and tortuous path leading to the
mapping and identification
of the BRCA1 gene; discuss the ways in which BRCA mutation status has been integrated into the clinical management
of patients in high - risk families; and highlight the role
of the BRCA proteins in preserving the structural and numerical integrity
of chromosomes throughout the cell cycle, a
function that may explain their tumor suppressor activity.
Among these are evaluation
of cardiac
function in real time,
mapping of water diffusion and temperature in tissue,
mapping of organ blood pool and perfusion, functional imaging
of the central nervous system, depiction
of blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics, and movie imaging
of the mobile fetus in utero.
In an era
of increasing excitement about
mapping the brain's «connectome,» this finding fits with our growing understanding
of complex brain
functions as residing not in discrete brain regions, but in densely connected networks
of neurons spread throughout different parts
of the brain.
To
map the minute landscape
of molecules, at scales as tiny as just tenths
of a nanometer, and help decipher their
functions, structural biologists have long relied on two tools: nuclear magnetic resonance, or NMR, spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
Neurosurgeon Mitchel Berger at U.C. San Francisco conducts hands - on «brain
mapping»
of language
functions in advance
of surgery to remove tumors.
«It is difficult to pin down the source
of a disease when the mutation
maps to a region
of the genome with no known
function,» Pugh said.
This is particularly interesting for users who want to
map out an excitation as a
function of temperature or magnetic field — frequent applications at FLEXX.
By
mapping gene activity in all the cells
of a liver lobule, Dr. Shalev Itzkovitz
of Weizmann's Molecular Cell Biology Department and his research team have revealed that these layers each perform different
functions.
About 5 years ago, neuroscientist Tony Zador was struck by a novel idea for how to build a synapse - by - synapse
map of brain connections — a goal dear to neuroscientists who want to understand how the brain's intricate wiring underlies its
functions.
The massive complexity
of the problems it is tackling, from
mapping the
functioning brain to making petabytes
of data meaningful and accessible to training a new generation
of neuroscientists who are equipped to work across disciplines to make sense
of it all, do not lend themselves to easily assembled and discretely defined teams and tasks — at least, not quickly.
So when the US National Genome Project started three years ago, a group
of influential molecular biologists led by James Watson decided that the sensible approach would be to concentrate first on
mapping the genes and finding out their
functions.
To find and clone a human gene
of unknown
function, researchers begin with a genetic
map.
Using an advanced sequencing technique to
map and analyze DNA damage, the scientists demonstrated the
functions in bacterial cells
of two important excision repair proteins: Mfd and UvrD.
The density
of healthy lung tissue will change more between the two images than the density
of diseased lung, allowing researchers to create a three - dimensional «
map»
of the patient's lung
function
Particularly interesting was the discovery that the thickness
of the gray matter in the brain's temporal and prefrontal regions — the structures that are critical for language and for higher - order cognitive
functions like self - control and problem - solving — were the most promising candidate traits for genetic
mapping, based on both their strong genetic basis and association with the disease.
The Cravatt laboratory is now using the same approach to study the
functions of other proteins in their lipid interaction
maps.
The three stages
of CD8 + T cell development are well known, but the current study identifies a detailed
map of the regulatory circuitry, such as interactions between enhancers and promoters — genetic regulatory regions that
function together in driving genes to transcribe proteins to carry out biological processes.
The group is applying advanced image analysis techniques to 4D CT scans already performed as a standard step in targeting lung cancer radiotherapy, to
map areas
of lung
function without additional testing.
To develop new bioelectronic therapies, scientists must first
map the neural circuits and determine patterns
of neural firing that correspond to healthy organ
function.
The
maps provide vital data for the exploration
of different theories about the
function of N6 - methyladenosine in these poorly understood viruses.
A random variable is a mathematical
function that
maps outcomes
of random experiments to numbers.
For a cell to perform biological
functions and respond to the environment, proteins must interact with one another in immensely complex networks, which when diagrammed can resemble a subway
map out
of a nightmare.
Duffy, meanwhile, is spearheading the Smithsonian's Marine Global Earth Observatory program, which he says is a «major opportunity to
map out the links between diversity and
functioning of marine ecosystems on a global scale».
John Tanner, a professor in the MU Department
of Biochemistry, says
mapping this enzyme will give researchers a better understanding
of its
function, which could help drug manufacturers create more effective drugs.
Recruiting luminescent nanoparticles to image brain
function, scientists at the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) are on pace to develop the next generation
of functional materials that could enable the
mapping of the complex neural connections in the brain.
Scientists from The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), working closely with researchers at the National Institutes
of Health (NIH), have
mapped out the structure
of an important protein involved in cellular
function and nervous system development.
Scientists have enlisted the exotic properties
of graphene to
function like the film
of an incredibly sensitive camera system in visually
mapping tiny electric fields.
«First
map of autism - risk genes by
function.»
They are the first to
map groups
of autism - risk genes by
function, and to identify where and when these genes normally play major roles in early brain development.
Using a protein interaction database, the researchers created a
map of the E-cadherin interactome that contains information on the
function of each protein and its interactions with other proteins within the network.
g (acceleration due to gravity) G (gravitational constant) G star G1.9 +0.3 gabbro Gabor, Dennis (1900 — 1979) Gabriel's Horn Gacrux (Gamma Crucis) gadolinium Gagarin, Yuri Alexeyevich (1934 — 1968) Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center GAIA Gaia Hypothesis galactic anticenter galactic bulge galactic center Galactic Club galactic coordinates galactic disk galactic empire galactic equator galactic habitable zone galactic halo galactic magnetic field galactic noise galactic plane galactic rotation galactose Galatea GALAXIES galaxy galaxy cannibalism galaxy classification galaxy formation galaxy interaction galaxy merger Galaxy, The Galaxy satellite series Gale Crater Galen (c. AD 129 — c. 216) galena GALEX (Galaxy Evolution Explorer) Galilean satellites Galilean telescope Galileo (Galilei, Galileo)(1564 — 1642) Galileo (spacecraft) Galileo Europa Mission (GEM) Galileo satellite navigation system gall gall bladder Galle, Johann Gottfried (1812 — 1910) gallic acid gallium gallon gallstone Galois, Évariste (1811 — 1832) Galois theory Galton, Francis (1822 — 1911) Galvani, Luigi (1737 — 1798) galvanizing galvanometer game game theory GAMES AND PUZZLES gamete gametophyte Gamma (Soviet orbiting telescope) Gamma Cassiopeiae Gamma Cassiopeiae star gamma
function gamma globulin gamma rays Gamma Velorum gamma - ray burst gamma - ray satellites Gamow, George (1904 — 1968) ganglion gangrene Ganswindt, Hermann (1856 — 1934) Ganymede «garbage theory»,
of the origin
of life Gardner, Martin (1914 — 2010) Garneau, Marc (1949 ---RRB- garnet Garnet Star (Mu Cephei) Garnet Star Nebula (IC 1396) garnierite Garriott, Owen K. (1930 ---RRB- Garuda gas gas chromatography gas constant gas giant gas laws gas - bounded nebula gaseous nebula gaseous propellant gaseous - propellant rocket engine gasoline Gaspra (minor planet 951) Gassendi, Pierre (1592 — 1655) gastric juice gastrin gastrocnemius gastroenteritis gastrointestinal tract gastropod gastrulation Gatewood, George D. (1940 ---RRB- Gauer - Henry reflex gauge boson gauge theory gauss (unit) Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777 — 1855) Gaussian distribution Gay - Lussac, Joseph Louis (1778 — 1850) GCOM (Global Change Observing Mission) Geber (c. 720 — 815) gegenschein Geiger, Hans Wilhelm (1882 — 1945) Geiger - Müller counter Giessler tube gel gelatin Gelfond's theorem Gell - Mann, Murray (1929 ---RRB- GEM «gemination,»
of martian canals Geminga Gemini (constellation) Gemini Observatory Gemini Project Gemini - Titan II gemstone gene gene expression gene
mapping gene pool gene therapy gene transfer General Catalogue
of Variable Stars (GCVS) general precession general theory
of relativity generation ship generator Genesis (inflatable orbiting module) Genesis (sample return probe) genetic code genetic counseling genetic disorder genetic drift genetic engineering genetic marker genetic material genetic pool genetic recombination genetics GENETICS AND HEREDITY Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search Program genome genome, interstellar transmission
of genotype gentian violet genus geoboard geode geodesic geodesy geodesy satellites geodetic precession Geographos (minor planet 1620) geography GEOGRAPHY Geo - IK geologic time geology GEOLOGY AND PLANETARY SCIENCE geomagnetic field geomagnetic storm geometric mean geometric sequence geometry GEOMETRY geometry puzzles geophysics GEOS (Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite) Geosat geostationary orbit geosynchronous orbit geosynchronous / geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) geosyncline Geotail (satellite) geotropism germ germ cells Germain, Sophie (1776 — 1831) German Rocket Society germanium germination Gesner, Konrad von (1516 — 1565) gestation Get Off the Earth puzzle Gettier problem geyser g - force GFO (Geosat Follow - On) GFZ - 1 (GeoForschungsZentrum) ghost crater Ghost Head Nebula (NGC 2080) ghost image Ghost
of Jupiter (NGC 3242) Giacconi, Riccardo (1931 ---RRB- Giacobini - Zinner, Comet (Comet 21P /) Giaever, Ivar (1929 ---RRB- giant branch Giant Magellan Telescope giant molecular cloud giant planet giant star Giant's Causeway Giauque, William Francis (1895 — 1982) gibberellins Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839 — 1903) Gibbs free energy Gibson, Edward G. (1936 ---RRB- Gilbert, William (1544 — 1603) gilbert (unit) Gilbreath's conjecture gilding gill gill (unit) Gilruth, Robert R. (1913 — 2000) gilsonite gimbal Ginga ginkgo Giotto (ESA Halley probe) GIRD (Gruppa Isutcheniya Reaktivnovo Dvisheniya) girder glacial drift glacial groove glacier gland Glaser, Donald Arthur (1926 — 2013) Glashow, Sheldon (1932 ---RRB- glass GLAST (Gamma - ray Large Area Space Telescope) Glauber, Johann Rudolf (1607 — 1670) glaucoma glauconite Glenn, John Herschel, Jr. (1921 ---RRB- Glenn Research Center Glennan, T (homas) Keith (1905 — 1995) glenoid cavity glia glial cell glider Gliese 229B Gliese 581 Gliese 67 (HD 10307, HIP 7918) Gliese 710 (HD 168442, HIP 89825) Gliese 86 Gliese 876 Gliese Catalogue glioma glissette glitch Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics (GAIA) Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) Globalstar globe Globigerina globular cluster globular proteins globule globulin globus pallidus GLOMR (Global Low Orbiting Message Relay) GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) glossopharyngeal nerve Gloster E. 28/39 glottis glow - worm glucagon glucocorticoid glucose glucoside gluon Glushko, Valentin Petrovitch (1908 — 1989) glutamic acid glutamine gluten gluteus maximus glycerol glycine glycogen glycol glycolysis glycoprotein glycosidic bond glycosuria glyoxysome GMS (Geosynchronous Meteorological Satellite) GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) Gnathostomata gneiss Go Go, No - go goblet cell GOCE (Gravity field and steady - state Ocean Circulation Explorer) God Goddard, Robert Hutchings (1882 — 1945) Goddard Institute for Space Studies Goddard Space Flight Center Gödel, Kurt (1906 — 1978) Gödel universe Godwin, Francis (1562 — 1633) GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) goethite goiter gold Gold, Thomas (1920 — 2004) Goldbach conjecture golden ratio (phi) Goldin, Daniel Saul (1940 ---RRB- gold - leaf electroscope Goldstone Tracking Facility Golgi, Camillo (1844 — 1926) Golgi apparatus Golomb, Solomon W. (1932 — 2016) golygon GOMS (Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite) gonad gonadotrophin - releasing hormone gonadotrophins Gondwanaland Gonets goniatite goniometer gonorrhea Goodricke, John (1764 — 1786) googol Gordian Knot Gordon, Richard Francis, Jr. (1929 — 2017) Gore, John Ellard (1845 — 1910) gorge gorilla Gorizont Gott loop Goudsmit, Samuel Abraham (1902 — 1978) Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1824 — 1896) Gould, Stephen Jay (1941 — 2002) Gould Belt gout governor GPS (Global Positioning System) Graaf, Regnier de (1641 — 1673) Graafian follicle GRAB graben GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) graceful graph gradient Graham, Ronald (1935 ---RRB- Graham, Thomas (1805 — 1869) Graham's law
of diffusion Graham's number GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) grain (cereal) grain (unit) gram gram - atom Gramme, Zénobe Théophile (1826 — 1901) gramophone Gram's stain Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) Granat Grand Tour grand unified theory (GUT) Grandfather Paradox Granit, Ragnar Arthur (1900 — 1991) granite granulation granule granulocyte graph graph theory graphene graphite GRAPHS AND GRAPH THEORY graptolite grass grassland gravel graveyard orbit gravimeter gravimetric analysis Gravitational Biology Facility gravitational collapse gravitational constant (G) gravitational instability gravitational lens gravitational life gravitational lock gravitational microlensing GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS gravitational slingshot effect gravitational waves graviton gravity gravity gradient gravity gradient stabilization Gravity Probe A Gravity Probe B gravity - assist gray (Gy) gray goo gray matter grazing - incidence telescope Great Annihilator Great Attractor great circle Great Comets Great Hercules Cluster (M13, NGC 6205) Great Monad Great Observatories Great Red Spot Great Rift (in Milky Way) Great Rift Valley Great Square
of Pegasus Great Wall greater omentum greatest elongation Green, George (1793 — 1841) Green, Nathaniel E. Green, Thomas Hill (1836 — 1882) green algae Green Bank Green Bank conference (1961) Green Bank Telescope green flash greenhouse effect greenhouse gases Green's theorem Greg, Percy (1836 — 1889) Gregorian calendar Grelling's paradox Griffith, George (1857 — 1906) Griffith Observatory Grignard, François Auguste Victor (1871 — 1935) Grignard reagent grike Grimaldi, Francesco Maria (1618 — 1663) Grissom, Virgil (1926 — 1967) grit gritstone Groom Lake Groombridge 34 Groombridge Catalogue gross ground, electrical ground state ground - track group group theory GROUPS AND GROUP THEORY growing season growth growth hormone growth hormone - releasing hormone growth plate Grudge, Project Gruithuisen, Franz von Paula (1774 — 1852) Grus (constellation) Grus Quartet (NGC 7552, NGC 7582, NGC 7590, and NGC 7599) GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) g - suit G - type asteroid Guericke, Otto von (1602 — 1686) guanine Guiana Space Centre guidance, inertial Guide Star Catalog (GSC) guided missile guided missiles, postwar development Guillaume, Charles Édouard (1861 — 1938) Gulf Stream (ocean current) Gulfstream (jet plane) Gullstrand, Allvar (1862 — 1930) gum Gum Nebula gun metal gunpowder Gurwin Gusev Crater gut Gutenberg, Johann (c. 1400 — 1468) Guy, Richard Kenneth (1916 ---RRB- guyot Guzman Prize gymnosperm gynecology gynoecium gypsum gyrocompass gyrofrequency gyropilot gyroscope gyrostabilizer Gyulbudagian's Nebula (HH215)
A partial list would include the Patterson
function, isomorphous replacement, and anomalous scattering, which enabled the determination
of organic structures; direct (i.e., purely computational) methods
of phase determination, which enabled small - molecule crystallography to be almost totally automated; synchrotron radiation and area detectors, which together made it possible to collect data on macromolecular structures in hours instead
of months; and automatic interpretation
of electron density
maps.
Interestingly, this anti-apoptotic
function of ADAR1 is regulated through its phosphorylation by
MAP kinases.
Working with Neil Burgess, he has used computational models
of the cognitive
map to generate theoretical predictions
of hippocampal
function.
So technical innovations for brain
mapping will contribute both to understanding the normal
function of the healthy brain and also disease states.