Sentences with phrase «marine calcifiers»

The calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in coral reefs and in the shells of other marine calcifiers comes in two different mineral forms: calcite and aragonite.

Marine calcifiers exhibit mixed responses to CO2 - induced ocean acidification.

The reduction of available carbonate ions is a problem for marine calcifiers (corals, crustaceans, and mollusks) who need the carbonate ions to build their shells and skeletons.

Examples of marine calcifiers from Kleypas et al. 2006: (a) coralline algae (photo by Nancy Sefton; courtesy NOAA / CORIS); (b) Halimeda (photo by James Watt; courtesy NOAA / NMFS); (c) benthic foraminifera (courtesy P. Hallock); (d) reef - building coral (Dendrogyra cylindrus; Cmdr William Harrigan, NOAA Corps; courtesy Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary); (e) deep - water coral (Lophelia pertusa; from 413 m depth off North Carolina.

As atmospheric CO2 levels continue to rise, we are embarking on a global experiment with as yet uncertain long - term consequences for many marine calcifiers.

Workshop report: Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reefs and Other Marine Calcifiers, A Guide for Further Research (pdf, 8.9 M)

«Further, our hypothesis has implications for the response of marine calcifiers to ocean acidification.

«The marine calcifiers that live in polar regions are particularly vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification, a progress which is reducing their mineralization capacity and forming calcium carbonate (CaCO3) skeletons used as a protective and supporting structure against predators» says Blanca Figuerola, main author of the scientific study.

Studies of marine calcifiers (corals, crustaceans, and mollusks) indicate that most, but not all, exhibit reduced calcification with increased ocean acidification.

Acidification shifts the equilibrium of carbonate chemistry in seawater, reducing pH and the concentration of carbonate ions available for corals and other marine calcifiers to use to build their skeletons.

Atmospheric CO2 is absorbed by the ocean and results in a decrease in carbonate ion concentration, making carbonate ions unavailable to corals and other marine calcifiers.

This task can be achieved by providing proxy - based reconstructions of seawater pH, carbonate ion concentrations, and pCO2 along with the response of the marine calcifiers during key intervals of the Late Quaternary.

Justin B. Ries, Anne L. Cohen, Daniel C. McCorkle; Marine calcifiers exhibit mixed responses to CO2 - induced ocean acidification.