An unusual
marine heat wave off the West Coast known as «the blob» combined with an El Niño climate pattern reduced pup production and survival, with thousands of malnourished pups stranding on Southern California beaches.
«Such ecological impacts are likely to have become more prevalent with the increasing frequency and duration of [
marine heat waves] over the last century.»
The scientists, led by Eric Oliver of Dalhousie University in Canada, investigated long - term heat wave trends using a combination of satellite data collected since the 1980s and direct ocean temperature measurements collected throughout the 21st century to construct a nearly 100 - year record
of marine heat wave frequency and duration around the world.
In December, a special edition of the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society included a selection of studies investigating the influence of climate change on a variety of recent extreme weather and climate events,
including marine heat waves.
So scientists want to understand how corals might fare as climate change brings longer and
stronger marine heat waves (SN: 4/10/18, p. 5).
Ocean conditions off most of the U.S. West Coast are returning roughly to average, after an
extreme marine heat wave from about 2014 to 2016 disrupted the California Current Ecosystem and shifted many species beyond their traditional range, according to a new report from NOAA Fisheries» two marine laboratories on the West Coast.
Satellite sea surface temperatures along the West Coast of the United States during the 2014 — 2016 northeast
Pacific marine heat wave (Geophysical Research Letters)
Then Mark Eakin, the coordinator of NOAA's Coral Reef Watch reports the latest science: up to half of the Great Barrier Reef of Australia has died in the
longest marine heat wave ever seen.
I ask Eric if he thinks we will see unexpected ecological shifts in the future as
marine heat waves get worse.
One paper found that a 2016
marine heat wave off the coast of Alaska was unprecedented in terms of the temperatures it reached and concluded that it would not have been possible in a world where human - caused climate change was not occurring.
For instance, a 2016
marine heat wave killed 30 percent of coral in the Great Barrier Reef, a study published online April 18 in Nature reports.
And so we can expect these trends [in sea surface temperature increases and
marine heat waves] to continue, regardless of what we do, at least for the near future.»
«The global average
for marine heat waves was about 2 events per year in the early 1900's, but in the last 30 years went to 3 per year, and in very recent years to 4 events per year.
Over the last century,
marine heat waves have become more common and are lasting longer.
Marine heat waves are similar to terrestrial heat waves — they just occur in the water instead of in the air.
A study published yesterday in Nature Communications suggests that there's been a 54 percent increase in the number of annual «marine heatwave days» since the 1920s — that is, the total number of days each year that
a marine heat wave is occurring somewhere around the world.
Regional studies suggest that
marine heat waves may provoke «widespread loss of habitat - forming species such as kelps and corals, drive shifts in species distributions, alter the structure of communities and ecosystems, and have economic impacts on aquaculture and seafood industries through declines in important fishery species,» they note.
Staghorn corals proved to be particularly vulnerable to
those marine heat waves.
While
the marine heat wave particularly damaged staghorn corals (Acropora millepora), this species may ultimately prove to be one of the resilient ones, Mikhail Matz, a biologist at the University of Texas at Austin, and his colleagues report in PLOS Genetics.
Typically, scientists define
a marine heat wave as at least five consecutive days of unusually high temperatures for a particular ocean region or season.
SWELTERING STRANDS In 2011,
a marine heat wave off Australia's southern coast devastated the towering kelp forests of the Great Southern Reef (shown).
Monitoring ocean hazards such as tsunami, storm surges,
marine heat waves, impacts of extreme weather events on the ocean.
They also found that climate change made
the marine heat wave up to 175 times more likely, concluding that the «bleaching would be almost impossible without climate change.»
After suffering through the most severe bleaching event ever recorded last year, the Great Barrier Reef is once again being savaged by
a marine heat wave.
In November 2013,
a marine heat wave started warming the surface water in the Gulf of Alaska.
In 2011
a marine heat wave around normally cool waters of the Australian island of Tasmania changed the ecosystem apparently permanently.
If we keep burning fossil fuels,
marine heat waves will become stronger and more common.
These marine heat waves are coming faster, and lasting longer, as the world warms.
Eric Oliver and his team are certain
these marine heat waves are due to our fossil fuel emissions.
Now think of a hurricane passing over
a marine heat wave.
But the rest of the world does not know that
a marine heat wave can change the living landscape under the waves.
Those marine heat waves are popping up more often, in more places, and lasting much longer.
But that can only happen if there isn't
another marine heat wave within the next ten years or so.
As I reported in a previous show, the Tasman Sea just had
a marine heat wave.
We need
a marine heat wave warning system for the sub-tropics, as provided for the tropics by NOAA's Coral Reef Watch.
Now
the marine heat wave group is working on using climate models to use their data to predict how this trend will develop during the rest of this century.