Sentences with phrase «mass than the atmosphere»

They have far more mass than the atmosphere so they contain far more of the additional energy.

Not exact matches

Because they are much smaller than other solar eruptions — like flares or coronal mass ejections — prominences had previously been thought to have a relatively minor effect on the sun's atmosphere, and therefore also on the solar wind.

Its higher mass may give it a thicker atmosphere and more cloud cover than Earth has.

Computer simulations show that planets similar to or larger in mass than the Earth that are born with thick envelopes of hydrogen and helium are likely to retain their stifling atmospheres.

As a comparison, our atmosphere accounts for less than one - millionth of Earth's mass.

The data allowed them to confirm the mass of the planet as well as determine the approximate metallicity (a number of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium within a celestial body), and the primary composition of the planet's atmosphere.

In 2010, a new study (which included better model atmosphere fitting) argued that the system is around six billion years old, even older than estimates of 3.7 to 4.3 billion years derived from a 2009 study based on mass and evolutionary models for the two brown dwarf companions Ba and Bb (Liu et al, 2010; and King et al, 2009), which are much older than an earlier age estimate of between 0.8 and 2.0 billion years based on the star's rotational speed (press release; Scholz et al, 2003; and Lachaume et al, 1999).

While that may not sound like much, Earth's atmosphere, by comparison, is less than one millionth the mass of the planet.

While larger planets could have sufficient gravity to attract a massive hydrogen - helium atmosphere, smaller planets — like Mars or Mercury that have less than half the Earth's mass — located in or near their star's habitable zone may lose their initial life - supporting atmosphere because of low gravity and / or the lack of plate tectonics needed to recycle heat - retaining carbon dioxide gas back into the atmosphere (Kasting et al, 1993).

TRAPPIST - 1c is similarly rocky but with a thinner atmosphere, and 1d is the lightest, with less than a third of the mass of Earth.

By surveying the whole sky, we will find systems that orbit stars 10 times closer and 100 times brighter than those found by Kepler — opening up new possibilities for measuring planet masses and densities, studying their atmospheres, characterizing their host stars, and establishing the full nature of the systems in which the planets reside.

All territorial clashes, aggressive cryptograms, and death threats were nullified into a mass of spray - painted gestures that had become nothing more than atmosphere, their violent disputes transposed into an immense, outdoor, nonrepresentational mural.

Basically what we are saying is that normal greenhouse is based on having less thermal mass to heat than the atmosphere as whole due to seperation from that atmosphere, and to a lesser extent on insulation due to the air not moving as much.

A stronger gravitational field will produce a lower, denser, warmer surface than a weaker gravitational field since the amount of solar energy retained by the atmosphere will be focused into a smaller volume and that amount of energy will be determined by the amount of mass available to absorb it at any given level of solar irradiation.

The atmosphere of Venus is mostly CO2 but the atmospheric heat arises as a result of the mass and density of the Venusian atmosphere (apparently more than 90 times that of the Earth) not just the absorption characteristics of CO2.

If the surface and lower atmosphere become warmer than the temperature set by insolation, gravity and mass they will emit more energy to space, there will be more energy outgoing than incoming and the system will cool back to the earlier temperature.

So the whole rising air mass experiences less cooling than it would in a dry atmosphere.

First, the surface temperature of the Earth is roughly 60 F higher than it would otherwise be thanks to a few greenhouse gasses that collectively make up only about 3 percent of the mass of our atmosphere.

You say that the descending air would heat up more than the «surrounding atmosphere»... but the air mixes and descends over the entire area and the entire air mass warms, there is no «surrounding atmosphere» in the sense you mean.

Add to that the thinning of 14C in the atmosphere by the release of 14C free fossil fuels and thinning by the increase of total CO2 mass, and it is clear that the 14C as tracer is going down much faster than what an extra 12C / 13C mass does.

Argon mass fraction in the atmosphere is more than 20 times higher than CO2 mass fraction.

Given its large mass and high heat capacity, the ability of the Ocean to absorb heat is 1000 times larger than that of the atmosphere.

They found that the vast majority of energy released from the sun during this coronal mass ejection was reflected back up into space rather than deposited into Earth's lower atmosphere.

This is because thermal mass of the oceans is vastly greater than the atmosphere.

In an atmosphere with moving gases, hot air masses rise and are radiating more strongly than the gases at the altitude they are moving through.

In that way we can allow factors other than mass, gravity and insolation to affect V without affecting T because T is determined only by the amount of KE needed to keep the mass of the atmosphere off the surface at a given height and in turn that is determined by mass (m) and the individual gas constant for the particular atmospheric composition (Rspecific).

We need to find an equation that allows factors other than mass, gravity and insolation to affect V without affecting T because according to the Gas Laws T is determined only by the amount of KE needed to keep the mass of the atmosphere off the surface at a given height over and above that required for top of atmosphere radiative balance.

Even without the above lack of alternatives, the mass balance still holds: as long as the increase in the atmosphere is less than what humans emit, then nature as a whole is a net sink for CO2, doesn't add anything to the total mass of CO2 in the atmosphere, even if it circulates 10, 100 or 1,000 times more CO2 over the seasons.

I am giving the control to what has the mass and has hung onto 40 times more joules than the atmosphere.

These reductions are more than just visual impressions but can dramatically alter the exchanges of mass, energy, and momentum between the atmosphere and ocean.

Given the fact that internally the earth itself has large temperature changes which melts the upper mantle and deep crust producing volcanic eruptions at the surface, it is not difficult to see that the thermal energy involved and the mass of the earth itself, that the earth's own internal temperature fluctuations might have bigger effect on the atmosphere's temperature than the sun.

Ideal gas which has no mass therefore no weight under gravity because there is nothing on which gravity can pull; which has no volume therefore does not expand or condense changing its weight under reduced and increased pressure or heat and cold and so does not become lighter or heavier than air under gravity; with no attraction therefore merely capable of bouncing off another and not capable of undergoing chemical changes, such as water and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere forming carbonic acid.

My curiosity is built around the assumption that the warmer air mass must have transferred heat to the ocean (warmer to colder) and that raises the thought that the atmosphere would have to get colder than the ocean for it (the air) to be warmed by the sea.

NCEP / NCAR was demonstrated by Trenberth & Smith in 2005 to be worse than ERA40 — via the dry mass of the atmosphere.

«The total mean mass of the atmosphere is 5.1480 × 1018 kg with an annual range due to water vapor of 1.2 or 1.5 × 1015 kg depending on whether surface pressure or water vapor data are used; somewhat smaller than the previous estimate.

The article attributes a lack of accounting for the heat capacity of the mass of the atmosphere to the higher than expected temperatures.

--- Atmospheric mass and composition: approx. 510 trillion m ^ 2 (surface area) * 0.1013 MPa (surface pressure) / 9.81 m / s ^ 2 = 5.266 E18 kg = 5.266 million Gt Hartmann, «Global Physical Climatology», p. 8 gives 5.136 million Gt (the difference could be due to actual average surface pressure being lower than average sea level pressure; counteracting that, gravity decreases with height (not much over most of the mass of the atmosphere) and I think global average g may be less than 9.81 (maybe 9.80?)

BPL: CO2 is well - mixed by turbulence throughout the troposphere and stratosphere, which together account for more than 99 % of the mass of the atmosphere.

I don't know how accurate 510 million km2 is for Earth's surface area; taking 4 * pi * 6371 ^ 2 km2 ~ = 510.064 million km2; but I don't know the formula for an ellipsoid (polar radius is slightly smaller than equatorial radius)(for what it's worth, 4 * pi * 6381 ^ 2 km2 ~ = 511.667 million km2, which gives a sense of why most of the mass of the atmosphere can be approximated as having the same horizontal area as at sea level (a 1 % increase in area is reached at a height of about 31.8 km)-RRB-.

Ray (under comment 16) suggests that burning biomass and sequestering the carbon might be a more benign approach than pumping masses of sulphates into the atmosphere.

The radiating back cools the low - mass atmosphere far more than it warms the high - mass surface.

The mass of the earth is one trillion, that's 1 followed by 12 zeros, greater than the mass of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

The mass of CO2 in the atmosphere is much less than is indicated by the current methods of analysis.