Sentences with phrase «masses of surface water»

These subtropical ocean gyres are large rotating masses of surface water which occupy the mid-latitudes of each ocean basin.

Not exact matches

Calculations indicate that in several ways it is quite an Earth - like planet: its radius is 1.2 to 2.5 times that of Earth; its mass is 3.1 to 4.3 times greater; and, crucially, its orbit lies within its star's «Goldilocks zone», which means its surface temperature is neither too hot nor too cold for liquid water - and therefore potentially life - to exist on its surface.

With knowledge only of the luminosity of the star (1/600 that of the sun), the mass of the planet (1.3 times that of Earth), and the length of its orbit (11.2 days), the team was able to predict that, with a variety of possible atmospheres, it would be possible for Proxima b to harbor liquid water on its surface.

«So if I have this depression at the south pole, and I have beneath the surface 50 kilometers down a layer of water or an ocean, that layer of water at depth is a positive mass anomaly.

If the planet is only one Earth mass, Jenkins says, any life there might be near its end; the world would be on the verge of a runaway greenhouse effect, with gravity too weak to prevent its life - giving water from boiling off into space due to rising surface temperatures.

Charlie's research told him that during El Niño weather cycles, the surface seawaters in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon, already heated to unusually high levels by greenhouse gas — induced warming, were being pulsed from a mass of ocean water known as the Western Pacific Warm Pool onto the reef's delicate living corals.

The drought that is devastating California and much of the West has dried the region so much that 240 gigatons worth of surface and groundwater have been lost, roughly the equivalent to a 3.9 - inch layer of water over the entire West, or the annual loss of mass from the Greenland Ice Sheet, according to the study.

El Nino's mass of warm water puts a lid on the normal currents of cold, deep water that typically rise to the surface along the equator and off the coast of Chile and Peru, said Stephanie Uz, ocean scientist at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

And so far, the exoplanet, named Proxima Centauri b, is shaping up to be quite Earth - like, roughly the mass of our planet and in just the right place where, if it has an atmosphere, liquid water could exist on the surface.

GA maps the land masses below the ocean's surface through basic geological work and seismic and bathymetric analysis (measuring water depth at various places in a body of water) to better define and legally extend Australia's continental shelf for a submission to the United Nations under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.

Magnesium lines are critical for determining a black holes mass, but for objects at this distance, the redshifting of the light makes them extremely difficult to capture from the surface of our planet due to absorption by atmospheric water vapor.

But in many instances, the simulations show, even planets starting with rocky cores as little as 1.5 Earth's mass may trap and hold atmospheres containing between 100 and 1000 times the amount of hydrogen found in the water in Earth's oceans — thick, dense envelopes exerting pressures so hellish that life on the planets» surfaces might be almost impossible.

Earth and Venus are of comparable size and mass, yet the surface of Venus bakes at 460 degrees Celsius under an ocean of carbon dioxide that bears down with the weight of a kilometer of water.

Discovered in 1978 by the United States Naval Observatory, Charon is the largest of Pluto's five moons and is only half the size of Pluto and one - eighth of its mass, with a surface dominated by a mixture of water ice and frozen ammonia.

For an Earth - type planet around HD 189733 A to have liquid water at its surface, it would need a stable orbit centered around 0.5 AU — between the orbital distances of Mercury and Venus in the Solar System (with an orbital period around 150 days assuming a stellar mass around 82 percent of Sol's.

If these polar continents lose a mile or more of ice from their land surface, there will be less mass, and so some of the water now attracted to those polar land masses will dissipate, and go elsewhere.

Their simulations suggest that at least one planet in the one to two Earth - mass range could have formed within orbital distances of 0.5 to 1.5 AUs around both heavy - element - rich stars; of particularly note, the simulations frequently generated a Earth - like planet in or near Star B's habitable zone (where liquid water could exist on the planet's surface).

Using these steady - states, we find that if volatile cycling is either solely dependent on temperature or seafloor pressure, exoplanets require a high abundance (more than 0.3 % of the total mass) of water to have fully inundated surfaces.

There is also a contribution of excess atmospheric CO2 absorption introduced to deep - water masses from dense, cold CO2 - rich surface waters at downwelling sites (e.g., North Atlantic), which then move through the oceans via meridional overturning circulation.

After participation in a ship expedition with RV SONNE to the North Pacific in summer 2018, the tasks include to reconstruct the spatial and temporal changes in near - surface and subsurface water temperatures in the North Pacific, salinity, thermocline depth, and water mass stratification of the upper oceanic surface using geochemical proxy parameters, e.g. in planktic microfossils.

In 2003, astronomers at the University of Texas at Arlington performed refined calculations to determine that the habitable zone around 47 Ursae Majoris, where an inner rocky planet (with suitable mass and atmospheric gas composition and density) can have liquid water on its surface, lies between 1.05 and 1.83 AUs of the star.

Depending on the mass of the planets and their distance from the brown dwarf, we should get Io / Europa analogues or, if it has enough mass to hold onto an atmosphere, we could get something different: a world that thanks to tidal heating (and infrared radiation) keeps the surface water liquid.

Specifically, the center of mass of the robotic fish was placed in the middle of the water column, that is, seven cm from both the water surface and the bottom of the water tunnel, and it was positioned 50 cm from both left and right honeycombs.

In physical geography, the term hydrosphere (Greek hydro means «water») describes the collective mass of water found on, under, and over a planet's surface.

For an Earth - type planet, the orbital distance where it would have liquid water zone on its surface would be around 0.884 AU, where the orbital period would be 392 days (1.073 years) if the star actually does have around 60 percent of a Solar - mass.

The inversion itself is usually initiated by the cooling effect of the water on the surface layer of an otherwise warm air mass.

«They are allowing this huge mass of 4 million tons of crushed plastic to shape 13,794 miles of irregular surface reaching 98 feet under the water, destroying most of the marine wildlife in the area and transforming the ecosystem.

Regional variations arise because the Earth's gravity field is affected in multiple ways by the melt of ice, due to the direct effect of surface mass changes (the gravity field is determined by the distribution of mass), the consequent deformation of the Solid Earth (removing a load causes the Earth's surface to rebound, which in turn changes the distribution of the Earth's mass), the consequent redistribution of ocean water (the ocean surface is shaped by the gravity filed) and perturbations of the Earth's rotation axis (because of mass redistribution).

A hydrophilic surface would also be preferable for condensation (reduced surface tension effect for a given mass of liquid water in a droplet), though I've never heard of that being important in the atmosphere.

We use some of the power to spread the cold water over the surface so that it does not sink below the layer where phytoplankton convert dissolved CO2 into organic matter that increases the mass of their bodies to feed other ocean creatures.

It stands to reason that the oceans haven't been that warm in a while but since the average temperature of the whole mass of water is so dependent on circulation (it's only the surface temperature that's constrained by its interactions with the atmosphere and space), I suppose a plausible history of that particular value would be very hard to reconstruct.

Alternatively, if a deepening of the subtropical gyres gives rise to an increase in the heat stored in this water mass, with a corresponding non-zero trend in the surface heat flux; then I should think that a restoration towards conditions of the past must somehow give rise to a delayed warming of the atmosphere (if the surplus is not somehow lost to space).

These are large rotating masses of water, in each ocean basin, where ocean currents converge at their centre and are forced downwards, taking warm surface water with them.

Seems to me the debate about AGHG global warming and increasing TC frequency / intensity / duration boils down to the fact that as sea surface temperatures, as well as deeper water temperatures rise, the wallop of any TC over warmer seas without mitigating circumstances like wind sheer and dry air off land masses entrained in the cyclone will likely be much more devastating.

Interference pattern more likely comes from «bounce» the midpoint between the surface of the planet, and the very center of the planet, leaving a hole in the middle, that is balanced in size, against the pushes and pulls of the universe, against the mass that stay's within the earths «bubble of influence», basically, the megnetopause, the moon, the atmosphere, the water, and the cloud of charged particles that would exist above and below us, if they didn't intermingle, and / or, get blown away by the solar wind.

This mass of warm water, nicknamed «the Blob,» was the result of a persistent atmospheric high - pressure ridge in the Northeastern Pacific that decreased cooling and transport of surface water.

The question would seem to be whether the «models of sea level» attempt to correlate regional variation in water depth / mass in production of pressure variation in a «water column», if it is to be understood the limited outline of the question as placed, with relation to regional «surface level» displacement.

If it does sink through the mass of water, then that CO2 in the air should just drop like a stone to the surface of the Planet.

Primary production will change in the surface layers according to sun exposure, water temperature, major stratification of water masses, for example, and this will affect the food chain down to the deep seafloor, which will be subject to differences in quantity, quality, and timing of organic matter input.

The system can weaken or shut down entirely if the North Atlantic surface - water salinity somehow drops too low to allow the formation of deep - ocean water masses.

Most of the deep ocean warming is occurring in the subtropical ocean gyres - vast rotating masses of water in each ocean basin where near - surface currents converge and are forced downward into the ocean interior.

Striking changes in salinity are found from the surface to the bottom in the northern North Atlantic near water mass formation sites that fill the water column (Section 5.3.2); bottom changes elsewhere are small, being most prevalent at the under - sampled southern ends of both sections.

The main difference between H2O and CO2 (apart from the numerical differences of their specific physical properites such as degree of freedom, thermal capacity, physical mass, etc) in terms of their effects on the atmosphere is that water is capable of condensing into liquid to form clouds and readily and rapidly moves between surface and atmosphere, daily, seasonally, annually and on even greater time scales, but CO2 does not liquify in the biosphere and transfers over mostly long time periods between surface (primarily oceans, seas, etc) and the atmosphere.

AGW climate scientists seem to ignore that while the earth's surface may be warming, our atmosphere above 10,000 ft. above MSL is a refrigerator that can take water vapor scavenged from the vast oceans on earth (which are also a formidable heat sink), lift it to cold zones in the atmosphere by convective physical processes, chill it (removing vast amounts of heat from the atmosphere) or freeze it, (removing even more vast amounts of heat from the atmosphere) drop it on land and oceans as rain, sleet or snow, moisturizing and cooling the soil, cooling the oceans and building polar ice caps and even more importantly, increasing the albedo of the earth, with a critical negative feedback determining how much of the sun's energy is reflected back into space, changing the moment of inertia of the earth by removing water mass from equatorial latitudes and transporting this water vapor mass to the poles, reducing the earth's spin axis moment of inertia and speeding up its spin rate, etc..

The warm expanse has been characterized by sea surface temperatures as much as three degrees C (about 5.4 degrees F) higher than average, lasting for months, and appears on large - scale temperature maps as a red - orange mass of warm water many hundreds of miles across.

For example, if ice sheet mass loss becomes rapid, it is conceivable that the cold fresh water added to the ocean could cause regional surface cooling [199], perhaps even at a point when sea level rise has only reached a level of the order of a meter [200].

I modeled this for the sunlight at the Earth's surface for various masses of water:

The strength of both of these annual fluxes during summer will have consequences for the salinity of the surface water mass of the Arctic Ocean and hence on the strength of the freezing cycle during the following winter.

The key to this model lies in the distribution of precipitation on Earth, with maxima in the tropics and in high latitudes, so that the Arctic receives an excess of precipitation over evaporation of about one third, which is associated with the permanent presence of the low salinity surface water mass of the Arctic Ocean, separated by a halocline from the saltier Atlantic water below.

Losses from surface melting, water runoff, the breakup of glaciers into the ocean (calving), and the transformation of solid ice into water vapor (sublimation) exceed any gains through snowfall.2, 3,4,5 The Greenland ice sheet loses most of its mass on the perimeter, through a dozen fast - moving glaciers, including Helheim.5, 6