The implications of this study reach beyond the sense of smell alone, and range from olfactory fingerprint - based early diagnosis of degenerative brain disorders to a non-invasive test for
matching donor organs.
Not exact matches
That's why identical twins make perfect
organ donors for each other: Only they have perfectly
matched MHC genes.
The more you want to relax your considerations about how close a
match you need with
donors, you know, you open up the field of
organs that are available for any particular patient, but you risk, of course, obviously very, very serious indeed lethal reactions in most of those cases.
To help the new
organ withstand the assault from the recipient's natural defenses, doctors developed tissue type
matching, a technique to determine if the chemistry of the
donor's immune system, defined by antigens on the surface of cells, was similar to that of the recipient's.
In Western society the population is growing older, the incidence of chronic disabilities which could be treated by stem cell therapy is steadily rising, and the availability of
donor organs is not
matching the need.
Long - term preservation methods could help establish
organ and tissue banks, which would also reduce transplant rejection rates by facilitating the process to find
matching donors when needed.
Beyond
organ transplants, many experts think that the protocol could be used to treat other diseases that require bone marrow transplants but for which there are severe shortages of
matched donors.
Organ transplantation is a challenge, requiring immunosuppressive drugs and careful
matching of
donor and recipient for human leukocyte antigen markers, receptors on immune cells that recognize foreign proteins.
She adds that recipients could have a greater choice of
donor organs, improving their chances of a good
match.
Of 10 patients who got kidneys from genetically mismatched
donors, which typically leads to
organ rejection more often than
matched transplants, seven successfully came off immunosuppressants.
By typing for HL - A antigens,
donors and recipients of white blood cells, platelets, and
organs can be «
matched» insuring good performance and survival of transfused and transplanted cells.
Donor organs are
matched to waiting recipients by a national computer registry called the National
Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN).