Anderson (Norwegian Space Center); 4.1; Statistical Prediction is based on the relationship between melting and freezing in the Arctic by comparing winter
maximum sea ice area with the summer minimum sea ice area.
Those high temperatures have kept Arctic sea ice to record low levels; the Arctic looks to see a record low winter
maximum sea ice area for the third year in a row.
Not exact matches
The record - low winter
maximum doesn't necessarily herald a record low end - of - summer minimum come September, as summer weather patterns have a large effect on
sea ice area.
The extent of Arctic
sea ice reached the
maximum area of its seasonal cycle on March 7th coming in at 14.42 million km2.
The
sea ice that caps the Arctic Ocean naturally waxes and wanes with the seasons, reaching its
maximum area at the end of winter, before the reemergence of the sun in spring starts off the melt season.
My take on this is that in August the Arctic Ocean's
ice carapace reaches its minimum and consequently the
maximum surface
area of the coldest
sea water on the planet is exposed to the atmosphere.
Ice around Iceland (the number of weeks when ice was observed in this case) must correlate very well with the arctic sea ice extent / area, at least with the annual maxim
Ice around Iceland (the number of weeks when
ice was observed in this case) must correlate very well with the arctic sea ice extent / area, at least with the annual maxim
ice was observed in this case) must correlate very well with the arctic
sea ice extent / area, at least with the annual maxim
ice extent /
area, at least with the annual
maximum.
In 2017,
maximum winter
sea ice area, measured each March, was the lowest ever observed.
Arctic
sea ice in March reached a new record low: the
area of frozen ocean at the height of winter on 7 March reached a new
maximum low for the third year running, according to NASA scientists.
All of these characteristics (except for the ocean temperature) have been used in SAR and TAR IPCC (Houghton et al. 1996; 2001) reports for model - data inter-comparison: we considered as tolerable the following intervals for the annual means of the following climate characteristics which encompass corresponding empirical estimates: global SAT 13.1 — 14.1 °C (Jones et al. 1999);
area of
sea ice in the Northern Hemisphere 6 — 14 mil km2 and in the Southern Hemisphere 6 — 18 mil km2 (Cavalieri et al. 2003); total precipitation rate 2.45 — 3.05 mm / day (Legates 1995);
maximum Atlantic northward heat transport 0.5 — 1.5 PW (Ganachaud and Wunsch 2003);
maximum of North Atlantic meridional overturning stream function 15 — 25 Sv (Talley et al. 2003), volume averaged ocean temperature 3 — 5 °C (Levitus 1982).
At a time when the
sea ice should be growing toward its maximum extent for the year, it's shrinking instead — the area of the Bering Sea covered by ice is now 60 percent below its average from 1981 - 20
sea ice should be growing toward its
maximum extent for the year, it's shrinking instead — the
area of the Bering
Sea covered by ice is now 60 percent below its average from 1981 - 20
Sea covered by
ice is now 60 percent below its average from 1981 - 2010.
The decline in
maximum sea ice extent is only half that measured for the minimum
area.