Sentences with phrase «mean annual temperature change»

Projected ranges of global mean annual temperature change during the 21st century for CO2 - stabilisation scenarios (upper panel, based on the TAR) and for the six illustrative SRES scenarios (middle and lower panels, based on the WG I Fourth Assessment).

Projections of global mean annual temperature change for SRES and CO2 - stabilisation profiles are presented in Box 2.8.

Not exact matches

These events took place within millennia — fairly quickly, on a climatic time scale — and resulted in changes of up to 10 degrees Celsius in mean annual temperatures.

«In particular the United States, southern South America, southern Africa, central and southern Europe, Southeast Asia and southern Australia are vulnerable regions, because declines in mean annual streamflow are projected combined with strong increases in water temperature under changing climate.

For the change in annual mean surface air temperature in the various cases, the model experiments show the familiar pattern documented in the SAR with a maximum warming in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and a minimum in the Southern Ocean (due to ocean heat uptake)(2)

To contribute to an understanding of the underlying causes of these changes we compile various environmental records (and model - based interpretations of some of them) in order to calculate the direct effect of various processes on Earth's radiative budget and, thus, on global annual mean surface temperature over the last 800,000 years.

The fact that the observations have a «memory» from month to month (because the ocean is slow to change temperature) allows us to predict the annual mean from the year - to - date average (which implicitly includes the ENSO effect).

Abstract:» The sensitivity of global climate with respect to forcing is generally described in terms of the global climate feedback — the global radiative response per degree of global annual mean surface temperature change.

The warming trends in looking at numerous 100 year temperature plots from northern and high elevation climate stations... i.e. warming trends in annual mean and minimum temperature averages, winter monthly means and minimums and especially winter minimum temperatures and dewpoints... indicate climate warming that is being driven by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere — no visible effects from other things like changes in solar radiation or the levels of cosmic rays.

... Polar amplification explains in part why Greenland Ice Sheet and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet appear to be highly sensitive to relatively small increases in CO2 concentration and global mean temperature... Polar amplification occurs if the magnitude of zonally averaged surface temperature change at high latitudes exceeds the globally averaged temperature change, in response to climate forcings and on time scales greater than the annual cycle.

Overall, ecosystem - driven changes in chemistry induced climate feedbacks that increased global mean annual land surface temperatures by 1.4 and 2.7 K for the 2 × and 4 × CO2 Eocene simulations, respectively, and 2.2 K for the Cretaceous (Fig. 3 E and F).

Abstract:» The sensitivity of global climate with respect to forcing is generally described in terms of the global climate feedback — the global radiative response per degree of global annual mean surface temperature change.

«In considering the question of human activity and climate change it is essential to distinguish between global warming, which is a progressive increase in the annual mean global temperature, and human - activity - induced greenhouse warming, as may, for example, be caused by the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as a result of fossil fuel combustion or deforestation.»

Figure B shows the scenario for the change in annual mean temperature per 1 C global warming using this method for 248 meteorological stations.

By comparing modelled and observed changes in such indices, which include the global mean surface temperature, the land - ocean temperature contrast, the temperature contrast between the NH and SH, the mean magnitude of the annual cycle in temperature over land and the mean meridional temperature gradient in the NH mid-latitudes, Braganza et al. (2004) estimate that anthropogenic forcing accounts for almost all of the warming observed between 1946 and 1995 whereas warming between 1896 and 1945 is explained by a combination of anthropogenic and natural forcing and internal variability.

Even seemingly «straightforward» applications like the assessment of the impact of changes in the mean annual cycle of temperature on shifting butterfly populations did find more climate variables than just temperature to be of importance (see e.g. WallisDeVries et al, 2011; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3172409/), and this generally applies to many sectors and applications.

equilibrium climate sensitivity refers to the equilibrium change in the annual mean global surface temperature following a doubling of the atmospheric equivalent carbon dioxide concentration.

The changes produced a decrease of 0.006 °C / decade for the 1880 to 2014 trend of the annual mean land surface air temperature rather than the 0.003 °C / decade increase reported by NCEI.

Figure 3, from Hansen & Lebedeff 1987 (apologies for the poor quality, this is an older paper) plots the correlation coefficients versus separation for the annual mean temperature changes between randomly selected pairs of stations with at least 50 common years in their records.

I do not believe that global mean annual temperatures have simply cooled progressively over thousands of years as Mike appears to and I contend that that there is strong evidence for major changes in climate over the Holocene (not Milankovich) that require explanation

Instead of changes in monthly values of Temp and precip (and cloud cover) changes in ANNUAL mean temperature were used to force LPJ.

All these stations indicate the same pattern of changes in annual mean temperature: a warm 1930s, a cooling until around 1970, and thereafter a warming, although the temperature remains slightly below the level of the late 1930s.

Interpolated surfaces showing the change in mean annual temperature across Alaska for three different time series: 1949 − 2009, 1949 − 1976, and 1977 − 2009.

Global solar irradiance reconstruction [48 — 50] and ice - core based sulfate (SO4) influx in the Northern Hemisphere [51] from volcanic activity (a); mean annual temperature (MAT) reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere [52], North America [29], and the American Southwest * expressed as anomalies based on 1961 — 1990 temperature averages (b); changes in ENSO - related variability based on El Junco diatom record [41], oxygen isotopes records from Palmyra [42], and the unified ENSO proxy [UEP; 23](c); changes in PDSI variability for the American Southwest (d), and changes in winter precipitation variability as simulated by CESM model ensembles 2 to 5 [43].

Simulations where the magnitude of solar irradiance changes is increased yield a mismatch between model results and CO2 data, providing evidence for modest changes in solar irradiance and global mean temperatures over the past millennium and arguing against a significant amplification of the response of global or hemispheric annual mean temperature to solar forcing.

The global annual mean surface air temperature change... centred at the time of CO2 doubling in a 1 % per year compound CO2 increase scenario.

If a linear trend is taken through mean annual temperatures, the average change over the last 6 decades is 3.0 °F.

For example, the HadCRUT3, GISS, etc. data sets of annual mean global temperature each report global temperature changes as differences from a 30 - year average.

Multi-model mean of annual mean surface warming (surface air temperature change, °C) for the scenarios B1 (top), A1B (middle) and A2 (bottom), and three time periods, 2011 to 2030 (left), 2046 to 2065 (middle) and 2080 to 2099 (right).

To assess the effect of climate change, we selected mean warmest month temperature (MWMT), mean coldest month temperature (MCMT), and mean annual precipitation (MAP).

The climate sensitivity parameter (units: °C (W m - 2)-1) refers to the equilibrium change in the annual mean global surface temperature following a unit change in radiative forcing.

Climate sensitivity - In Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, equilibrium climate sensitivity refers to the equilibrium change in the annual mean global surface temperature following a doubling of the atmospheric equivalent carbon dioxide concentrChange (IPCC) reports, equilibrium climate sensitivity refers to the equilibrium change in the annual mean global surface temperature following a doubling of the atmospheric equivalent carbon dioxide concentrchange in the annual mean global surface temperature following a doubling of the atmospheric equivalent carbon dioxide concentration.

22 Land areas are projected to warm more than the oceans with the greatest warming at high latitudes Annual mean temperature change, 2071 to 2100 relative to 1990: Global Average in 2085 = 3.1 o C

The fact that the observations have a «memory» from month to month (because the ocean is slow to change temperature) allows us to predict the annual mean from the year - to - date average (which implicitly includes the ENSO effect).

Global - annual mean adjusted radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere is, in general, a reliable metric relating the effects of various climate perturbations to global mean surface temperature change as computed in general circulation models (GCMs).

Compendium of projected risks due to critical climate change impacts on ecosystems for different levels of global mean annual temperature rise, ΔT, relative to pre-industrial climate (approach and event numbers as used in Table 4.1 and Appendix 4.1).

Scientists use permafrost temperature, measured at a depth where seasonal variations cease to occur, as an indicator of long - term change and to represent the mean annual ground temperature.

«TCR is defined as the annual mean global surface temperature change at the time of CO2 doubling following a linear increase in CO ₂ forcing over a period of 70 years»

In addition, changes in mean annual temperature had no effect on the proportion of male stillbirths.

The analysis method was fully documented in Hansen and Lebedeff (1987), including quantitative estimates of the error in annual and 5 - year mean temperature change.

Climate change and preserving cold carbon (March 24, 2016) Prof. Nigel Roulet, Department of Geography Support more Climate State coverage: Paypal email: [email protected] Patreon https://www.patreon.com/ClimateState Synopsis The countries participating in COP21 in Paris, December 2015 agreed to take steps to emissions so that the global mean annual temperature increase would not be more than 2ºC...

Observed change of annual mean temperature for Vardø since year 1840, relative to the 1901 - 2000 mean.

Observed change of annual mean temperature for Jan Mayen since year 1921, relative to the 1901 - 2000 mean.

Observed change of annual mean temperature for Svalbard since year 1912, relative to the 1901 - 2000 mean.

Observed change of annual mean temperature for Northern Norway since year 1900, relative to the 1901 - 2000 mean.

Considers changes in the annual mean surface temperature and also in the warmest night of the year, which has implications for human health

Global mean annual temperature (GMAT) is the metric most commonly employed by the IPCC and adopted in the international policy arena to summarise future changes in global climate and their likely impacts (see Chapter 19, Box 19.2).

The projected change in annual mean surface air temperature from the late 20th century (1971 - 2000 average) to the middle 21st century (2051 - 2060 average).

dRH -0.038792717 0.011076382 -3.502291475 0.001197255 dAVWS -0.018380323 0.085040424 -0.216136302 0.83003757 And as before the main positive and significant determinant of changes in annual mean temperature is «H2O», precipitable water (on which [CO2] has no discernible effect).

A significant number of palaeolimnological records from lakes in the circumpolar Arctic have shown synchronous changes in biological community composition and sedimentological parameters associated with climate - driven regime shifts in increasing mean annual and summer temperatures and corresponding changes in thermal stratification / stability and ice - cover duration (e.g., Korhola et al., 2002; Ruhland et al., 2003; Pienitz et al., 2004; Smol et al., 2005; Prowse et al., 2006b).