Sentences with phrase «mean annual temperature variability»

Although the regions largely coincide with the continents rather than climatological criteria, the annual mean temperature averaged over these regions explains 90 % of the global mean annual temperature variability in the instrumental record»

Not exact matches

But again, as discussed above, the interannual variability is large even in the annual mean and it is difficult to decide if this calculation is the correct answer to the question about temperature trend in the stratosphere.....»

Spectral analyses suggested that the reconstructed annual mean temperature variation may be related to large - scale atmospheric — oceanic variability such as the solar activity, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño — Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

What would be interesting to look at, rather than mean annual temperatures is the variability of temperature and precipitation patterns throughout the year.

Figure 1.4 http://cybele.bu.edu/courses/gg312fall02/chap01/figures/figure1.4.gif shows the natural variability of the annual mean surface temperature on several different spatial scales from a climate model simulation for 200 years.

Their work explores when annual mean surface temperatures are projected to move outside the range of recent variability, both globally and regionally.

By comparing modelled and observed changes in such indices, which include the global mean surface temperature, the land - ocean temperature contrast, the temperature contrast between the NH and SH, the mean magnitude of the annual cycle in temperature over land and the mean meridional temperature gradient in the NH mid-latitudes, Braganza et al. (2004) estimate that anthropogenic forcing accounts for almost all of the warming observed between 1946 and 1995 whereas warming between 1896 and 1945 is explained by a combination of anthropogenic and natural forcing and internal variability.

Global solar irradiance reconstruction [48 — 50] and ice - core based sulfate (SO4) influx in the Northern Hemisphere [51] from volcanic activity (a); mean annual temperature (MAT) reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere [52], North America [29], and the American Southwest * expressed as anomalies based on 1961 — 1990 temperature averages (b); changes in ENSO - related variability based on El Junco diatom record [41], oxygen isotopes records from Palmyra [42], and the unified ENSO proxy [UEP; 23](c); changes in PDSI variability for the American Southwest (d), and changes in winter precipitation variability as simulated by CESM model ensembles 2 to 5 [43].

Using permutation tests between temperature metrics at Butaritari versus Abaiang and North Tarawa, we found significant differences in the mean of the maximum annual DHW (mean 2.3 °C · week versus 3.9 °C · week, p < 0.01) and the scaled year - to - year temperature variability metrics (mean 1.3 °C · week versus 1.5 °C · week, p < 0.01).

We calculated three metrics of thermal history: (1) the mean of the annual maximum DHW from 1985 — 2003 (2) the proportion of years from 1985 to 2003 in which the maximum DHW exceeded 4 °C · week, and (3) a year - to - year temperature variability metric from [16], [46], which is the standard deviation of the maximum monthly SST from 1985 — 2000 scaled such that the mean for the world's coral reefs is 1 °C.

Relative to natural internal variability, near - term increases in seasonal mean and annual mean temperatures are expected to be larger in the tropics and subtropics than in mid-latitudes (high confidence).

These linear discriminants, which consist of an RASST anomaly field and a time series that describes the projection of that anomaly in the annual mean RASST field, maximize the ratio of inter-decadal to inter-annual variability, in keeping with our desire to understand the decadal - to - century scale variability in the global mean surface temperatures (see SI Text and Figs.

The space - time structure of natural climate variability needed to determine the optimal fingerprint pattern and the resultant signal - to - noise ratio of the detection variable is estimated from several multi-century control simulations with different CGCMs and from instrumental data over the last 136 y. Applying the combined greenhouse gas - plus - aerosol fingerprint in the same way as the greenhouse gas only fingerprint in a previous work, the recent 30 - y trends (1966 — 1995) of annual mean near surface temperature are again found to represent a significant climate change at the 97.5 % confidence level.