However, her critique of
parental alienation as a concept or theory as used in family courts, consistent with the APA Report's critique, is that it is typically misused in a gendered manner as a
means of dismissing or denying abuse allegations brought
by mothers.
As Amy Baker writes,
parental alienation involves a set of strategies, including bad - mouthing the other parent, limiting contact with that parent, erasing the other parent from the life and mind of the child (forbidding discussion and pictures of the other parent), forcing the child to reject the other parent, creating the impression that the other parent is dangerous, forcing the child to choose between the parents
by means of threats of withdrawal of affection, and belittling and limiting contact with the extended family of the targeted parent.