Sentences with phrase «mean precipitation»

This study seeks to explain the effects of cloud on changes in atmospheric radiative absorption that largely balance changes in global mean precipitation under climate change.

They found that upon ending the experiment, the planet would experience a rapid increase in global mean temperature, along with increases in global mean precipitation rate and decreases in sea ice cover.

Global mean precipitation decreased, due to cloud feedbacks which are influenced by sunlight but not greenhouse gases.

Global mean precipitation is of less interest than global mean temperature in general because we expect temperatures to warm nearly everywhere while we expect precipitation to increase in some regions and decrease in others.

Understanding how the global - mean precipitation rate will change in response to a climate forcing is a useful thing to know.

Results show that higher - resolution models significantly improve the simulation of mean precipitation, the distribution of precipitation, and spatial patterns, intensity and seasonality of precipitation extremes.

As it says in the paper: «The consequence of more precipitation, higher convective energy transport, and decreasing precipitation area is an increase in mean precipitation intensity...»

PRUDENCE RCM outputs showed non-linear relationships between mean maximum temperature and indices of drought and heatwave (Good et al., 2006), while changes in maximum 1 - day and 5 - day precipitation amounts were systematically enhanced relative to changes in seasonal mean precipitation across many regions of Europe (Beniston et al., 2007).

Druyan, L.M., M. Fulakeza, and P. Lonergan, 2007: The spatial variability of regional model simulated June - September mean precipitation over West Africa.

Here we present a new and simple formula that relates wet - day mean precipitation to heavy precipitation, providing a method for predicting and downscaling daily precipitation statistics.

GFDL has also processed and made available 100 - year - long time series of daily mean precipitation and maximum and minimum daily air temperature.

They discussed the effect of variables being non-iid on the extreme value analysis, and after taking that into account, propose that changes in extreme precipitation are likely to be larger than the corresponding changes in annual mean precipitation under a global warming.

has decreased in winter, but no significant change in annual mean precipitation potentially because of very slight increases in spring and fall precipitation; precipitation is projected to increase across Montana, primarily in spring; slight decrease in summer precipitation; variability of precipitation year - to - year projected to increase

Dispersal of the plant strategy elements given in Table II using the input variables of mean temperature as objective 1 and mean precipitation as objective 2 is shown in Figure VI.

Where antecedent A1 represents mean temperature, A2 represents mean precipitation, A3 represents mean ground frost frequency, A4 represents altitude, consequent B represents the number of individual plant species occurrences and E2 represents the stress tolerant - ruderal plant strategy of the plant species present.

A reduction in the precipitation area implies higher mean precipitation intensity, and may be linked to changes in the atmospheric overturning presented above.

An increase in mean precipitation per wet day is observed in most parts of the continent, even in some areas which are becoming drier (Frich et al., 2002; Klein Tank et al., 2002; Alexander et al., 2006).

In agreement with this speculation are climate projections suggesting increased flood magnitude in the future across the Southwest, despite reduced mean precipitation amounts [4].

Additionally, summer mean precipitation is projected to decrease all over Switzerland, while winter precipitation is expected to increase in southern Switzerland.

This section considers various dry and wet indicators for the European domain, these include mean precipitation (estimates from ERA - Interim and E-OBS), soil moisture (estimates from ERA - Interim and C3S satellite soil moisture product), relative humidity (from ERA - Interim, mentioned but not shown) and derived indicators for wet and dry based on E-OBS.

First EOF modes for precipitation (top panels a — c), 10 - year running mean precipitation (middle panels d — f), and total water storage (bottom panels g — i).

Consistent with the previous studies, we find virtually no skill of annual mean precipitation beyond 1 or 2 years lead time.

Figure 3, above: Regional time series of boreal summer (JJA) irrigation, ensemble - mean temperature anomalies, and ensemble - mean precipitation anomalies for Western North America (130 ° W - 100 ° W, 30 ° N - 50 ° N), India (68 ° E-88 ° E, 8 ° N -36 ° N), and China (98 ° E-122 ° E, 22 ° N - 42 ° N).

«Looking at changes in the number of dry days per year is a new way of understanding how climate change will affect us that goes beyond just annual or seasonal mean precipitation changes, and allows us to better adapt to and mitigate the impacts of local hydrological changes,» said Polade, a postdoctoral researcher who works with Scripps climate scientists Dan Cayan, David Pierce, Alexander Gershunov, and Michael Dettinger, who are co-authors of the study.

«Looking at changes in the number of dry days per year is a new way of understanding how climate change will affect us that goes beyond just annual or seasonal mean precipitation changes, and allows us to better adapt to and mitigate the impacts of local hydrological changes,» said Suraj Polade, a climate scientist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego and lead study author.

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of boreal winter (December - February; left) and summer (June - August; right) daily mean precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and winds.

Finally, because clouds are a large source of modelling uncertainty, we consider whether resolving errors in cloud simulation could reconcile modelled global mean precipitation trends of about 1 — 3 % \ (\ hbox -LCB- K -RCB- ^ -LCB--1 -RCB- \) with some estimates of observed trends of 7 % \ (\ hbox -LCB- K -RCB- ^ -LCB--1 -RCB- \) or more.

Higher - resolution models significantly improve the simulation of mean precipitation, the distribution of precipitation, and spatial patterns, intensity and seasonality of precipitation extremes.

This article investigates the extent to which quantile mapping algorithms modify global climate model (GCM) trends in mean precipitation and precipitation extremes indices.

Even if seasonal mean precipitation would remain unchanged, impacts could be substantial, Levermann points out.

For birds and amphibians, we considered exposure to five components of climate change, namely changes in mean temperature, temperature variability, mean precipitation, precipitation variability and sea level rise.

However, global mean precipitation is controlled not by the availability of water vapour, but by a balance between the latent heat of condensation and radiative cooling in the troposphere.

Statewide precipitation has decreased in winter (0.14 inches / decade -LSB--0.36 cm / decade]-RRB- since 1950, but no significant change has occurred in annual mean precipitation, probably because of very slight increases in spring and fall precipitation.

The axis «objective 1» (mean temperature, x) and «objective 2» (mean precipitation, y) are n objective functions which may be expressed as Z in the following:

The mean precipitation total is 5.3 mm, spread over an average of 2.5 wet days per month.

The mean precipitation intensity is related to the mean evaporation and is proportional to the ratio of the areas of evaporation and rainfall:

The mean precipitation taken over area with precipitation for any given day can be considered as the wet - day mean precipitation and provides an indicator for the mean precipitation intensity.