The map of regional mean sea level trends provides an overview of variations in the rates of relative local
mean sea level observed at long - term tide stations (based on a minimum of 30 years of data in order to account for long - term sea level variations and reduce errors in computing sea level trends based on monthly mean sea level).
Not exact matches
The Greenland ice sheet loses about 227 gigatonnes of ice per year and contributes about 0.7 millimeters to the currently
observed mean sea level change of about 3 mm per year.
Hurricane Harvey likely generated a storm tide of 10 - 12 feet near Port Lavaca, although the highest
observed level reported was 7 feet above
mean sea level.
Case 2 (Topex / Poseidon EOFs over 1993 — 2003) leads to a global
mean sea level trend over the 54 - year time interval very close to the
observed trend.
For example, basic physics
means that rising temperatures will drive
sea levels up, as is in fact
observed.
In this regard, I would
observe that at least one important AGW effect, rising
sea level, does not depend on a specific regional outcome so much as on global
mean T. (At least, I think this is so (because my understanding is that most of the rise comes from lower density of warmer water, not from melting ice sheets — though again, not 100 % sure on this point)-RRB-.
The contribution from glaciers and ice caps (not including Greenland and Antarctica), on the other hand, is computed from a simple empirical formula linking global
mean temperature to mass loss (equivalent to a rate of
sea level rise), based on
observed data from 1963 to 2003.
With an
observed sea level change of 1.8 mm / yr this
means an approximate 0 — 10 % range.
Global
mean temperatures in 2011 did not reach the record - setting
levels of 2010, but were still the highest
observed in a La Niña year, and Arctic
sea - ice extent fell to near - record - low
levels.
«It is very likely that the rate of global
mean sea level rise during the 21st century will exceed the rate
observed during 1971 — 2010 for all Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios due to increases in ocean warming and loss of mass from glaciers and ice sheets.
«It is very likely that the rate of global
mean sea level rise during the 21st century will exceed the rate
observed during 1971 — 2010 for all RCP scenarios... with a rate of rise 8 — 15 mm yr — 1 over the last decade of the 21st century) for RCP8.5.»
The authors
observe that wide variations in rates of tectonic uplift and subsidence in different locations around the world at particular times
mean no effective coastal management plan can rest upon speculative computer projections regarding an idealised future global
sea level, such as those provided by the United Nations» Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Scientists have recently
observed major changes in these glaciers: several have broken up at the ocean end (the terminus), and many have doubled the speed at which they are retreating.2, 5 This has
meant a major increase in the amount of ice and water they discharge into the ocean, contributing to
sea -
level rise, which threatens low - lying populations.2, 3,5 Accelerated melting also adds freshwater to the oceans, altering ecosystems and changing ocean circulation and regional weather patterns.7 (See Greenland ice sheet hotspot for more information.)
So, the 3 types are all relative to
mean sea level except «
Observed Surface Pressure» in type 181.
TYPE 183 and TYPE 180 : relative to
mean sea level TYPE 181 : «Observed Sea Level Press» is corrected and «Observed Surface Pressure» is not correct
sea level TYPE 181 : «Observed Sea Level Press» is corrected and «Observed Surface Pressure» is not corre
level TYPE 181 : «
Observed Sea Level Press» is corrected and «Observed Surface Pressure» is not correct
Sea Level Press» is corrected and «Observed Surface Pressure» is not corre
Level Press» is corrected and «
Observed Surface Pressure» is not corrected.
She continues by
observing that «it is likely that both extreme weather events (storms, floods, heat waves) and changes in
mean temperatures, precipitation and
sea -
levels will in many cases contribute to increasing
levels of mobility.»
«SEAFRAME gauges not only measure
sea level by two independent
means, but also
observe a number of «ancillary» variables - atmospheric pressure, air and water temperatures, wind speed and direction.
Global
sea level is currently rising as a result of both ocean thermal expansion and glacier melt, with each accounting for about half of the
observed sea level rise, and each caused by recent increases in global
mean temperature.
The
observed changes (lower panel; Trenberth and Fasullo 2010) show the 12 - month running
means of global
mean surface temperature anomalies relative to 1901 — 2000 from NOAA [red (thin) and decadal (thick)-RSB- in °C (scale lower left), CO2 concentrations (green) in ppmv from NOAA (scale right), and global
sea level adjusted for isostatic rebound from AVISO (blue, along with linear trend of 3.2 mm / year) relative to 1993, scale at left in mm).