Sentences with phrase «mean surface air»

For the change in annual mean surface air temperature in the various cases, the model experiments show the familiar pattern documented in the SAR with a maximum warming in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and a minimum in the Southern Ocean (due to ocean heat uptake) evident in the zonal mean for the CMIP2 models (Figure 9.8) and the geographical patterns for all categories of models (Figure 9.10).

The projected change in annual mean surface air temperature from the late 20th century (1971 - 2000 average) to the middle 21st century (2051 - 2060 average).

It is more likely than not that the mean global mean surface air temperature for the period 2016 — 2035 will be more than 1 °C (1.8 °F) above the mean for 1850 — 1900, and very unlikely that it will be more than 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) above the 1850 - 1900 mean (medium confidence).

The projected change in global mean surface air temperature will likely be in the range 0.3 — 0.7 °C (medium confidence).

We illustrate observed variability of seasonal mean surface air temperature emphasizing the distribution of anomalies in units of the standard deviation, including comparison of the observed distribution of anomalies with the normal distribution («bell curve») that the lay public may appreciate.

An even broader distribution function for the increase in mean surface air temperature is the solution ensemble for a standard atmospheric climate model produced by Internet - shared computations (23), but there is a question about how carefully the former ensemble members were selected for their plausibility.

In contrast, since the mid 1970's the strong La Ninas have peaked closer to NH winter during a period when global mean surface air temperatures have overall been rising slightly.

Abstract: «The question of how climate model projections have tracked the actual evolution of global mean surface air temperature is important in establishing the credibility of their projections.

No one knows when the present plateau in the mean surface air temperature will end nor whether the change will be warmer or cooler.

The question of how climate model projections have tracked the actual evolution of global mean surface air temperature is important in establishing the credibility of their projections.

The latest entrants to the hiatus argument are from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, known as ETH Zurich, and they define the years of global mean surface air temperatures between 1998 and 2012 as a «hiatus», a period when the Earth «seemed hardly to warm».

A paper published back in 1998 and co-authored by Richard Tol and titled: A BAYESIAN STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT dealt with climate sensitivity, even though the main purpose of the paper was to demonstrate: «This paper demonstrates that there is a robust statistical relationship between the records of the global mean surface air temperature and the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide over the period 1870 — 1991.»

Map of trends (°C / century) of annual (July — June) mean surface air temperature for observing stations west of 116 ° W. Triangles mark statistically significant (p < 0.05) trends (red, upward pointing: positive; blue, downward pointing: negative).

Figure 3: Global annual mean surface air temperature for CMIP3 (thin blue line) and CMIP5 (thin red line) for all natural external temperature influences (forcings) compared to the four observational datasets (black lines).

The global annual mean surface air temperature change... centred at the time of CO2 doubling in a 1 % per year compound CO2 increase scenario.

Figure 4: Global annual mean surface air temperature for CMIP5 (thin red line) for greenhouse gas temperature influences (forcings) compared to the four observational datasets (black lines).

Hemispheric or global averages of mean surface air temperature are, therefore, largely determined by the temperature of the continents (Fig. 4 and Fig. 7).

Running twelve - month averages of global - mean and European - mean surface air temperature anomalies relative to 1981 - 2010, based on monthly values from January 1979 to February 2018.

Running twelve - month averages of global - mean and European - mean surface air temperature anomalies relative to 1981 - 2010, based on monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.

Australia's climate has warmed in both mean surface air temperature and surrounding sea surface temperature by around 1 °C since 1910.

Running twelve - month averages of global - mean and European - mean surface air temperature anomalies relative to 1981 - 2010, based on monthly values from January 1979 to March 2018.

And, of course, we do not need to global climate models to run impact models with an annual average increase in the mean surface air temperature of +1 C and +2 C prescribed for the Netherlands.

These eight analyses, in the words of Idso, «doubling of the atmosphere's CO2 concentration could raise the planet's mean surface air temperature by only about 0.4 °C,»

Specifically, the cloud cover is multiplied by the factor 1 + c T, where T, computed every time step, is the deviation of the global mean surface air temperature from the long - term mean in the model control run at the same point in the seasonal cycle and c is an empirical constant.

The FAR used simple global climate models to estimate changes in the global mean surface air temperature under various CO2 emissions scenarios.

The climate sensitivity is defined as the equilibrated change in global mean surface air temperature (SAT) for a given change in radiative forcing and has been a major focus of climate research over the last three decades.

(The global mean surface air temperature for that period was estimated to be 14 °C (57 °F), with an uncertainty of several tenths of a degree.)

The term «climate sensitivity» refers to the steady - state increase in the global annual mean surface air temperature associated with a given global mean radiative forcing.

Firstly, what is the best estimate of the global mean surface air temperature anomaly?

While the rise in global mean surface air temperature has continued, between 1998 and 2012 the increase was approximately one third of that from 1951 to 2012.»

http://climate.nasa.gov/news/1141/: «Norman Loeb, an atmospheric scientist at NASA's Langley Research Center, recently gave a talk on the «global warming hiatus,» a slowdown in the rise of the global mean surface air temperature.

Brown, P. T., W. Li, and S. P. Xie (2015), Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models, J. Geophys.

Firstly, what is the best estimate of the global mean surface air temperature anomaly?

For the change in annual mean surface air temperature in the various cases, the model experiments show the familiar pattern documented in the SAR with a maximum warming in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and a minimum in the Southern Ocean (due to ocean heat uptake)(2)

Maps of median TAE averaged across 23 model simulations for (a) and (b) mean surface air temperature, (c) and (d) highest daily maximum temperature, (e) and (f) lowest daily minimum temperature, (g) and (h) total precipitation, and (i), (j) maximum 1 - d precipitation for (a), (c), (e), (g) and (i) June - August and (b), (d), (f), (h) and (j) December - February.

Last year he said the 5 - year mean was weak evidence of a slowdown of global warming, by which he means the surface air temperature, which should be clear to anybody who reads Hansen.

Not exact matches

Part of the funding for those projects will come from ISTEA, the Intermodel Surface Transportation Enhancement Act, part of the Clean Air Act of 1990, that encourages municipalities to seek alternative means of transportation, such as bikes.

These wind shifts mean that air arrives in Western Europe via very different pathways in decades when the surface of the North Atlantic is warm, compared to decades when it is cool.

First, sea - surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico have been higher than normal in the past couple of months, due to global warming, which means the air that flowed north would have been warmer to start with.

But rising air temperatures mean that it is now stratifying about a month earlier — giving the shallow surface layers much more time to get toasty each summer.

The analysis of high - frequency surface air temperature, mean sea - level pressure, wind speed and direction and cloud - cover data from the solar eclipse of 20 March 2015 from the UK, Faroe Islands and Iceland, published today (Monday 22 August 2016), sheds new light on the phenomenon.

In addition, the cold temperatures and the way air is mixed close to the surface at the poles mean that the surface has to warm more to radiate additional heat back to space.

A low - altitude flow of warm, moist air from an ocean area combined with a flow of cold, dry polar air high up creates maximum instability, which means that parcels of air heated near the surface rise rapidly, creating powerful updrafts.

The Walker circulation refers to the mean (steady) ciculation where air over the warm pool in the western part of the tropical Pacific rises, being fed by the easterly surface trade winds across the Pacific, and subsidence over eastern Pacific.

Normalised RMS error in simulation of climatological patterns of monthly precipitation, mean sea level pressure and surface air temperature.

Pitman, A.J., B.J. McAvaney, N. Bagnoud, and B. Cheminat, 2004: Are inter-model differences in AMIP - II near surface air temperature means and extremes explained by land surface energy balance complexity?

For example, the global - mean near - surface air temperature was more than 1 K lower than in the experiment assuming spherical snow grains.

Assuming that their result is widely accurate wherever those can be modeled, and PR rate is proportional to the rate of ascension of air, the increase of SH due to a 0.5 C increase of surface mean temperature should be approximately 6 % of 24 W / m ^ 2 = 1.4 W / m ^ 2.

That means that any surface that does not dry within 48 hours is spewing mold cells into the air.

This technology also means an actual surface isn't needed to transmit data — simply writing notes in the air would suffice.