Sentences with phrase «mean surface temperatures through»

The new adjustment are likely to have a substantial impact on the historical record of global - mean surface temperatures through the middle part of the twentieth century.

Not exact matches

We quantify the interannual - to - decadal variability of the heat content (mean temperature) of the world ocean from the surface through 3000 - meter depth for the period 1948 to 1998.

«Radiative forcing [RF] can be related through a linear relationship to the global mean equilibrium temperature change at the surface (delta Ts): delta Ts = lambda * RF, where lambda is the climate sensitivity parameter (e.g., Ramaswamy et al., 2001).

«Radiative forcing can be related through a linear relationship to the global mean equilibrium temperature change at the surface (ΔTs): ΔTs = λ RF, where λ is the climate sensitivity parameter (e.g., Ramaswamy et al., 2001).»

Then, especially when there is excessive cloud cover over the oceans, the Sun's energy absorbed above the clouds can actually make its way down to the ocean surface (and below) warming the oceans by non-radiative processes, not by direct solar radiation which mostly passes through the thin surface layer and could barely raise the mean temperature of an asphalt paved Earth above -35 C.

Although it is generally believed that the increase in the mean global surface temperature since industrialization is caused by the increase in green house gases in the atmosphere, some people cite solar activity, either directly or through its effect on cosmic rays, as an underestimated contributor to such global warming.

The high annual mean in 2015 was because of the early onset of warm Pacific sea surface temperatures persisting through the year.

Without atmosphere the surface of the ocean or land would lose o (T ^ 4 — Ts ^ 4)(1) where Ts is the temperature of the space (about 4K) while in the presence of the atmosphere the heat losses are hc * (T — Tl)(2) and o (T ^ 4 — Tl ^ 4)(3) where (2) represents the heat transfer by convection (inclusive conduction) through the air layer and (3) corresponds to the net flow due to the heat exchange by radiation, Tl being the mean temperature of the air layer.

The oceans can impact global mean surface temperature in several ways; directly, through surface fluxes of heat, or indirectly, by altering the atmospheric circulation and impacting the distribution of clouds and water vapor.

The scientists determined their findings by using data — 5.1 million temperature profiles — from sources around the world, to quantify the variability of the heat content (mean temperature) of the world ocean from the surface through 3000 meter depth for the period 1948 to 1996.

Comparison of empirical evidence with proxy - based reconstructions demonstrates that natural factors appear to explain relatively well the major surface temperature changes of the past millennium through the 19th century (including hemispheric means and some spatial patterns).

Radiative forcing can be related through a linear relationship to the global mean equilibrium temperature change at the surface (ΔTs): ΔTs = λRF, where λ is the climate sensitivity parameter.