To notice something is going on with the world's ice sheets, you could measure melting water runoff, glacier retreat or use satellites and GPS to
measure ice volume decline.
I understand that PIOMAS is forced by NCEP / NCAR data, which I think makes a lot of sense, since that the data that is as close to «reality» as we can get without actually
measuring ice volume.
To better understand the difference between
measuring ice volume and mass, Simons compares it to a person weighing himself by only looking in the mirror instead of standing on a scale.
Not exact matches
When
measuring flour or
icing sugar by
volume (cup) never scoop the flour /
icing sugar up with the cup otherwise you compress the contents and this can make a big difference in the amount you're using.
The thickness of the
ice, and its overall
volume, may be a more important
measure of what is happening in the Arctic over the long term, even though it is not as simple to
measure, said Overland.
The radar can
measure the surface height variation of
ice in fine detail, allowing scientists to record changes in its
volume with unprecedented accuracy.
ICESat - 2 will add to our understanding of Arctic sea
ice by
measuring sea
ice thickness from space, providing scientists more complete information about the
volume of sea
ice in the Arctic and Southern oceans.
While extent is a traditional
measure of sea
ice,
volume is also important.
Ice volume, the product of sea ice area and thickness, is a measure for the total loss in sea ice and the total amount of energy involved in melting the i
Ice volume, the product of sea
ice area and thickness, is a measure for the total loss in sea ice and the total amount of energy involved in melting the i
ice area and thickness, is a
measure for the total loss in sea
ice and the total amount of energy involved in melting the i
ice and the total amount of energy involved in melting the
iceice.
Its not too short a time, Arctic sea
ice volume is like a giant mercury thermometer to all parameters used to
measure global warming.
I would have said it is transparently obvious that
ice volume is a better
measure than
ice area, if you want to understand long - term trend and the impact of human emissions — though it's great to have both
measures.
If you're not refuting the
volume analysis, then I can't see how you can say focusing on
ice volume is «a bit funky» — it's clearly a more important
measure of the system's ability to recover, which is the central point of this post.
It can also be
measured in thickness, and the two
measures can be combined to calculate the overall
volume of
ice.
There are two ways to categorize the amount of
ice: by
measuring the extent (essentially the area of the ocean covered by
ice, though in detail it's a little more complicated) or using
volume, which includes the thickness of the
ice.
Previous studies of the Antarctic
ice sheet used satellite data to
measure the
volume of
ice loss.
For example, let's say that evidence convinced me (in a way that I wasn't convinced previously) that all recent changes in land surface temperatures and sea surface temperatures and atmospheric temperatures and deep sea temperatures and sea
ice extent and sea
ice volume and sea
ice density and moisture content in the air and cloud coverage and rainfall and
measures of extreme weather were all directly tied to internal natural variability, and that I can now see that as the result of a statistical modeling of the trends as associated with natural phenomena.
Measuring the distance apart and speed of 2 satellites in space orbiting the earth to the width of a human hair with no margin for error [damn those drift recalculations], and taking into account unknown factors with respect to the true values for water depth, water weight at different salt concentrations,
ice depth magma flows, volcanic activity etc [ie making a lot of guesses], plus taking human motivation on board [like CO2 increase must melt
ice surely] can give you an accurate measurement of the
volume ice in Antarctica.
They found that 2017 tied 2012 for the lowest
measured Arctic sea
ice volume on record, though 2012 remains the year with the lowest summer minimum
volume.
I said that the best
measure for Artic warming is
ice volume.
They are limited only by the amount of water the glaciers themselves release —
ice masses that hold
volumes of water often
measured in cubic kilometers.
Poitou & Bréon do not explain why the
ice pack
volume would be relevant for the albedo; according to Haas (2005)[47] the changes of the thickness of the sea
ice are small since they are correctly
measured by an airborne radio apparatus, only over the Arctic.
What they call «differential diffusion» and «lower molecular
volume» I call «preferential fractionation» and «kinetic diameter», the latter being the relevant
measure of molecular size at the lowest level in the firn and n the
ice beneath.
They
measured the organic carbon content of the samples and determined how much of the soil
volume was taken up by large bodies of ground
ice.
Finally, given the
measured a increase in advection of energy to the Arctic via ocean currents, the increase in energy of the oceans should be expected to have the exact effect we are seeing with a rapidly declining Arctic Sea
ice volume, with a great deal of this happening from
ice being melted from underneath.
To extrapolate forward using these
measures we would also need to extrapolate
ice volume increases from minimum.
These records provide both a direct
measure of sea level and an indirect
measure of global
ice volume.