Sentences with phrase «measure of uncertainty for»

The model needs to properly reflect the underlying physical structure in order to have any chance at an end result that is meaningful with properly estimated parameters and measures of uncertainty for those parameters.

Not exact matches

These risks and uncertainties include: Gilead's ability to achieve its anticipated full year 2018 financial results; Gilead's ability to sustain growth in revenues for its antiviral and other programs; the risk that private and public payers may be reluctant to provide, or continue to provide, coverage or reimbursement for new products, including Vosevi, Yescarta, Epclusa, Harvoni, Genvoya, Odefsey, Descovy, Biktarvy and Vemlidy ®; austerity measures in European countries that may increase the amount of discount required on Gilead's products; an increase in discounts, chargebacks and rebates due to ongoing contracts and future negotiations with commercial and government payers; a larger than anticipated shift in payer mix to more highly discounted payer segments and geographic regions and decreases in treatment duration; availability of funding for state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs); continued fluctuations in ADAP purchases driven by federal and state grant cycles which may not mirror patient demand and may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; market share and price erosion caused by the introduction of generic versions of Viread and Truvada, an uncertain global macroeconomic environment; and potential amendments to the Affordable Care Act or other government action that could have the effect of lowering prices or reducing the number of insured patients; the possibility of unfavorable results from clinical trials involving investigational compounds; Gilead's ability to initiate clinical trials in its currently anticipated timeframes; the levels of inventory held by wholesalers and retailers which may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; Kite's ability to develop and commercialize cell therapies utilizing the zinc finger nuclease technology platform and realize the benefits of the Sangamo partnership; Gilead's ability to submit new drug applications for new product candidates in the timelines currently anticipated; Gilead's ability to receive regulatory approvals in a timely manner or at all, for new and current products, including Biktarvy; Gilead's ability to successfully commercialize its products, including Biktarvy; the risk that physicians and patients may not see advantages of these products over other therapies and may therefore be reluctant to prescribe the products; Gilead's ability to successfully develop its hematology / oncology and inflammation / respiratory programs; safety and efficacy data from clinical studies may not warrant further development of Gilead's product candidates, including GS - 9620 and Yescarta in combination with Pfizer's utomilumab; Gilead's ability to pay dividends or complete its share repurchase program due to changes in its stock price, corporate or other market conditions; fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate of the U.S. dollar that may cause an unfavorable foreign currency exchange impact on Gilead's future revenues and pre-tax earnings; and other risks identified from time to time in Gilead's reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC).

Further, for our main measures (inflation, home price changes, and earnings growth) we also report the time series of forecast uncertainty.

Institutional investors may be scratching their heads at why the widely watched measure of market concern known colloquially as the «fear index,» or VIX, recently reached a 23 - year low despite plenty of reasons for the sort of uncertainty that makes markets jittery.

The SCE also provides measures of uncertainty in expectations for the main outcomes of interest.

Based on initial tests, he constructs aggregate metrics for overvaluation (averaging seven of the overvaluation indicators) and uncertainty (averaging six of the uncertainty measures) for subsequent tests.

The airwaves were full opiners who warned of a market that is fully valued.Gundlach and Dalio added their two cents for measure, espousing the need to hold GOLD as a hedge against geopolitical uncertainties.

The proposed measures are far too broad and have created significant uncertainty for entrepreneurs, large private corporations and subsidiaries of multinational corporations.

Two of these reviews produce summary measures suggesting parent training programmes have a significant positive effect in crime prevention [12] and for non-compliant children [13] although this latter review does not provide any indication of the uncertainty of the effect estimate.

With living standards already squeezed and with the considerable uncertainty associated with the introduction of the Universal Credit — a measure that needs to succeed and will inevitably have consequences that will require adjustment — it would be irresponsible for further such steps to be taken.

We also welcome measures to reduce uncertainty to business at a time of fragile economic recovery — so a move to only call for a referendum if certain and well understood conditions are not met is helpful.

Using a representative sample of 20 different methods for predicting extreme sea levels the researchers focused intensely on the measures of uncertainty that accompany any prediction, but that are particularly vexing in the analysis of extremes.

Also, the model - based approach includes measures of uncertainty about our population estimates, which are not usually provided by more common approaches and are crucial for understanding the level of confidence we have about our estimates.»

«The physical reason behind this uncertainty is that measurement, by its very nature, requires using some sort of energy — for example, shining a light on the object to be measured.

«(A) the technical capacity to monitor, measure, report, and verify forest carbon fluxes for all significant sources of greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation with an acceptable level of uncertainty, as determined taking into account relevant internationally accepted methodologies, such as those established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;

«We were able to measure precisely the density of exoplanets that are similar to Earth in terms of their size, mass, and irradiation, with an uncertainty of less than 10 percent, which is a first and a decisive step in the characterization of potential habitability,» said Brice - Olivier Demory, a professor at the Center for Space and Habitability and co-author of the study, which was published in late January 2018 in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.

It also explains why researchers and value - added vendors typically report confidence intervals for value - added measures that help quantify the role of random error and the uncertainty this creates about teachers» «true» value - added.

Licensure assessments for those entering teaching reflect this uncertainty; virtually all measure some aspects of candidates» personal content knowledge but few test their knowledge at a standard adequate for teaching it, and even fewer require evidence of performance ability — in part because there is no professional consensus around what a new teacher should be able to do.

Based on the above conclusions, they consider that the future integrity of the property is highly at risk, taking into account the possible prospect of offshore oil exploitation, the uncertainty about the impact of invasive species, the already existing threats for which progress on the corrective measures is unclear and the globally increasing effects of climate change to coral reef systems, including the Belize Barrier Reef system.

I can determine the standard uncertainty for all the measured variables from statistics It is falsifiable — i can move a body at a certain velocity for a certain time and measure the traveled distance If the traveled distance does not fit with calculated distance within the uncertainty calculated by using the international standard Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement the model mighuncertainty for all the measured variables from statistics It is falsifiable — i can move a body at a certain velocity for a certain time and measure the traveled distance If the traveled distance does not fit with calculated distance within the uncertainty calculated by using the international standard Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement the model mighuncertainty calculated by using the international standard Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement the model mighUncertainty in Measurement the model might be wrong.

A comprehensive risk assessment would determine flood hazard for individual structures by modeling watershed and floodplain characteristics at fine spatial scales; it would describe the varying levels of protection offered by all elements of a flood protection system and mitigation measures; and it would account explicitly for uncertainties, including those related to current and future flood hazard, structure value and vulnerability, and the current and future performance of flood protection measures.

Although uncertainties still linger, the technical sub-committee that focused on REDD for the two years leading up to Bali concluded not only that the magnitude of deforestation emissions was significant — approximately 20 % of global emissions — but that sufficiently cost - effective methodologies exist for measuring forest carbon and monitoring deforestation.

Instead, they discuss new ways of playing around with the aerosol judge factor needed to explain why 20th - century warming is about half of the warming expected for increased in GHGs; and then expand their list of fudge factors to include smaller volcanos, stratospheric water vapor (published with no estimate of uncertainty for the predicted change in Ts), transfer of heat to the deeper ocean (where changes in heat content are hard to accurately measure), etc..

Initial condition uncertainty arises due to errors in the estimate of the starting conditions for the forecast, both due to limited observations of the atmosphere, and uncertainties involved in using indirect measurements, such as satellite data, to measure the state of atmospheric variables.

Concerning the uncertainty of assessments made by IPCC, already in The Environment Conference Rio de Janeiro 1992 there was agreed a principle according to which» lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost - effective measures to prevent environmental degradation».

«(A) the technical capacity to monitor, measure, report, and verify forest carbon fluxes for all significant sources of greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation with an acceptable level of uncertainty, as determined taking into account relevant internationally accepted methodologies, such as those established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;

Based on the rather vast uncertainties in aerosol forcing, and the substantial discrepancies between model projections of ocean heat uptake and measured heat uptake (ARGO), it strikes me as bizarre that the IPCC insists on excluding the possibility of quite low sensitivity, when there is a wealth of evidence for fairly low sensitivity.

The last point emphasizes the need for further development and analysis of probabilistic forecast ranges and measures of uncertainty, critical to future efforts.

The shading indicates a measure of uncertainty about future sea level for two different scenarios — a low emissions scenario where carbon emissions are rapidly cut (blue RCP 2.6) and a high emissions scenario with no carbon cuts (red RCP 8.5).

To cut a long story short, this uncertainty argues for a strategy of relatively cheap measures done right now (the longer we leave it the higher the cost / effectiveness ratio), while also spending a little on preparation (especially technology research) for radically more disruptive measures in case they ever turn out to be needed.

In addition to inherent scientific uncertainties slowing response, a variety of human and institutional barriers stand in the way of adaptation measures: long lead - times for rule changes; ideological resistance; a preoccupation with the near - term; false perceptions that climate impacts either won't be too painful or are off in the distant future; business - as - usual assumptions; and lack of national leadership.

The very high significance levels of model — observation discrepancies in LT and MT trends that were obtained in some studies (e.g., Douglass et al., 2008; McKitrick et al., 2010) thus arose to a substantial degree from using the standard error of the model ensemble mean as a measure of uncertainty, instead of the ensemble standard deviation or some other appropriate measure for uncertainty arising from internal climate variability... Nevertheless, almost all model ensemble members show a warming trend in both LT and MT larger than observational estimates (McKitrick et al., 2010; Po - Chedley and Fu, 2012; Santer et al., 2013).

Perhaps all measures would be better put on hold for an iteration and an agreed programme of uncertainty reduction taken as a matter of urgency.

Sensitivity analysis indicates that uncertainty about the measure of surface temperature, anthropogenic sulfur emissions, or its conversion to radiative forcing has a small effect on the model's simulated forecast for global surface temperature (SI Appendix: Section 2.4 and Figs S3, S4).

Here's where this «loophole of uncertainty» comes into play - because China has implemented actions that address climate change through its Eleventh Five - Year Plan since 2005 and has internally funding all of its energy efficiency measures and mitigation actions (and furthermore hasn't asked for any funding with regards to their 40 - 45 % reduction in carbon intensity by 2020 from 2005 levels), China would therefore be exempt from international MRV if this text is eventually agreed upon.

The hope of the industry was that RSD would provide a rapidly deployable method for measuring power performance that would also result in a lower uncertainty due to having measurements across the entire turbine rotor.

The challenges are finding a good enough measure of urbanity, dealing with uncertainty in station locations (a problem in many areas outside the U.S., where lat / lon coordinates aren't always accurate), and ensuring that your method doesn't suffer from spatial coverage biases between urban and rural sets (I tend to prefer station pair comparison methods for that reason).

A large part of the time, climate scientists are «tinkering» with the models, probing their weaknesses, measuring uncertainty, identifying which components contribute to errors, looking for ways to improve them, etc..

Ocean temperature must be measured regularly around the world from the ocean surface to the ocean floor to reduce uncertainty in ocean heat uptake, which accounts for over 90 % of global warming.

For this reason, the proxies must be «calibrated» empirically, by comparing their measured variability over a number of years with available instrumental records to identify some optimal climate association, and to quantify the statistical uncertainty associated with scaling proxies to represent this specific climate parameter.

Besides supplying an unbiased appraisal of the accuracy of the reconstruction, the validation period can also be used to adjust the uncertainty measures for the reconstruction.

Here Ravetz might have confused the sensitivity for CO2 doubling per se which is well established at ~ 1C, with the more usual measure of climate sensitivity taking into account all feedbacks, which is necessarily a more uncertain enterprise, but usually considered to be around 3C, albeit with much broader uncertainty.

Using an ensemble of eight models calibrated only for phenology or five models calibrated in detail resulted in the uncertainty equivalent to that of the measured yield in well - controlled agronomic field experiments.

On further reflection I believe that in principle it doesn't matter how you measure uncertainty (I guess this is what you called bias for individual runs), especially if the aforementioned kind of baseline is unknown.

It is these elevated expectations, juxtaposed against the uncertainty of whether the Tribunal will treat Dr. Kelly's circumstances as a unique situation rather than the «new normal», which will make it difficult for parties in BC to resolve disputes informally until a measure of certainty is eventually established by the Tribunal.

Independent agents will help take the fear and uncertainty out of shopping for life insurance, and can help you take measures to get the best coverage possible for your needs.

The Indian finance minister, Arun Jaitley's budget speech on February 1st, stating that «the government does not recognize cryptocurrency as legal tender or coin and will take all measures to eliminate the use of these crypto - assets in financing illegitimate activities or as part of the payments system,» added to the existing FUD (Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt) in the market for cryptocurrencies, sending major crypto - assets down to bargain levels.

It comes amid uncertainty over one critical measure — secured funding for the NDIS through a rise in the Medicare levy to 2.5 per cent, with Opposition Bill Shorten saying Labor will limit its support for an increase in the levy to those in the top two tax brackets, despite the urging of leading disability groups to «not compromise the bipartisanship» on full NDIS funding.

Two of these reviews produce summary measures suggesting parent training programmes have a significant positive effect in crime prevention [12] and for non-compliant children [13] although this latter review does not provide any indication of the uncertainty of the effect estimate.

In fact, on Oct. 22, Morningstar raised its uncertainty ratings, which measure the margin of safety around the fair value of a stock, to high from medium for a number of companies in the retail REIT universe, including Kimco Realty Corp., Macerich Co. and PREIT, citing possible losses in revenue because of consumer spending and the financing environment.