Although ocean temperatures are more difficult to
measure than land temperatures, scientists can use several methods to create an extensive ocean record.
Not exact matches
If we start this season with those two in our starting 11 it will be a clear sign from this organization that nothing has changed and that we will never get it right until both Kroenke and Wenger are gone... neither one of these players should still be with our club at this point because they represent the settling half -
measures that have plagued this team for a number of years... this is what I call the «no man's
land» of the soccer world, where teams don't have enough talented young players, unlike a Monaco or Dortmund, because they have lost the plot from an organizational standpoint... they are so reliant on one individual to run the whole operation that their once relevant scouting department has become so antiquated that it can no longer find those hidden gems it once had... furthermore, when you leave all decision - making to a manager who despises any dissenting opinions, your management team becomes little more
than a stagnant group of «yes men» and no new ideas emerge... so instead of developing a team with the qualities necessary to excel in a particular system, you continually make half - brain purchases year after year to stifle dissent from the ticket - buying public, then try desperately to finagle together a lineup regardless of what would make positional sense... have you ever heard of a team who plays players out of position so often... of course not because that manager would likely be fired and never work for a team of any consequence ever again
«Mississippi River diversions will produce new
land, but more slowly
than shoreline is lost: Study used optical dating to
measure how fast the Mississippi Delta is moving.»
«There should be a study,» says graduate school dean Lawrence Martin of the State University of New York, Stony Brook, who is also head of a panel of
land - grant colleges that has drafted a position paper urging coverage of more fields, greater use of objective research criteria, exploration of some
measures of program outcome, and ranking institutions by cluster rather
than individually.
«We tend to
measure the impact of human activity based on the area it affects on a map, but mountaintop mining is penetrating much more deeply into the earth
than other
land use in the region like forestry, agriculture or urbanization,» said Emily Bernhardt, a professor of biology at Duke and co-author on the study.
Large parts of the world have problems with salt causing agricultural
land to be unusable, but the new sensors allow the level of salt to be
measured in real time, rather
than once every few months as was previously the case.
They combined this information with the
land surface temperatures
measured by satellite and found that more
than half a million people — about 10 percent of the population — inhabit neighborhoods that are most vulnerable to heat event health impacts.
The slowdown refers to slower -
than - expected rates at which temperatures
measured on the
land and at sea surfaces have been rising since the turn of the century.
Educational sites are more
than just places for learning to read and count; they can also serve as refuges from the psychological impact of living in a war zone and as centers to furnish health information and instruction in protective
measures, such as ways to avoid
land mines.
In 1896, two German scientists, Köttgen and Abelsdorff, made a curious observation: when they
measured the absorption properties of visual pigments (the molecules that mediate light sensation) extracted from the eyes of freshwater fish, they found them to be «red - shifted» towards longer wavelengths
than those of marine fish and
land animals.
This fall, NASA will launch the Ice, Cloud, and
land Elevation Satellite - 2 (ICESat - 2), which will use a highly advanced laser instrument to
measure the changing elevation of ice around the world, providing a view of the height of Earth's ice with greater detail
than previously possible.
It produced radiation levels on the surface more
than double any previously
measured by the Curiosity rover's Radiation Assessment Detector, or RAD, since that mission's
landing in 2012.
In terms of dimensions, the 2015
Land Rover Discovery
measures 4590 mm in length with a wheelbase of 2741 mm, and is 91 mm taller and 80 mm longer
than the outgoing Freelander.
Having established some of the most broad - reaching conservation
measures of any island in the Caribbean, more
than a quarter of St. Kitts is now protected
land.
It obscures the role of post-glacial isostatic rebound elsewhere, as in Hudson's Bay and the Baltic, both in forcing more water into the ocean and in some locales raising
land faster
than the
measured rate of sea level rise [ANDY REVKIN notes: Hi Russell.
As far as I am aware, temperatures of the atmosphere close to the surface, rather
than the actual surface, are usually
measured over
land, unless
measured remotely by satellites, in which case the temperature of the material overlaying the Earth's surface is
measured, rarely the surface itself.
What we have is less
than two thousand temperature stations of unknown and highly variable quality, to
measure the average temperature of ~ 150 million square kilometres of
land.
In this zone drought is already
measured more
than 28 percent of the
land area: this could, in the most extreme scenario, expand to 49 percent.
During validation, the results of the wind -
measuring LIDAR mounted on the buoy were compared to the results from a fixed met mast located on
land less
than a mile away on Block Island.
There are literally thousands of peer - reviewed studies establishing that plants (on
land, at least) healthier, by almost every
measure, around 800-1500 ppm atmospheric CO2
than at current levels.
The measurements at MLO, Barrow, Samoa, south pole represent 95 % of the atmosphere, where only seasonal variations and a continuous increase are seen, not (or limited) the influence of local / regional biological decay or uptake, car exhausts or chimneys as in 5 % of the atmosphere over
land where such variations are
measured for other reasons
than a global CO2 level...
A The Hadcrut 4 figures that show a «pause» in warming lasting nearly 16 years are drawn from more
than 3,000
measuring stations on
land and at sea.
First, the global Footprint of cropland, built - up
land, and grazing
land as currently
measured can only be less
than or equal to the respective biocapacity.
And while you are doing that, davie, you might tell us in your own words how less
than 1c warming since the end of the little ice age and the beginning of the industrial revolution,
measured with ever changing systems in areas of exponential
land use change by people who have a total, consensual belief in global warming by ACO2 and no demonstrable scientific scepticism whatsoever, must constitute a «bad thing», awa being scientifically based and believable.
However, if yearly payments could be made on the basis of
measured soil organic matter, rather
than merely the withdrawal of the
land for economic use, we would see much more wildlife habitat created, more grassfed beef raised, better water quality, a more secure income for landowners based on stewardship, and perhaps less conversion to monocrop grain production.
Plants live on soils over
land (sea plants are lucky, plenty of CO2 there), where the average CO2 level is 30 - 40 ppmv higher
than in the bulk atmosphere, even larger if you
measure at ground level.
To point out just a couple of things: — oceans warming slower (or cooling slower)
than lands on long - time trends is absolutely normal, because water is more difficult both to warm or to cool (I mean, we require both a bigger heat flow and more time); at the contrary, I see as a non-sense theory (made by some serrist, but don't know who) that oceans are storing up heat, and that suddenly they will release such heat as a positive feedback: or the water warms
than no heat can be considered ad «stored» (we have no phase change inside oceans, so no latent heat) or oceans begin to release heat but in the same time they have to cool (because they are losing heat); so, I don't feel strange that in last years
land temperatures for some series (NCDC and GISS) can be heating up while oceans are slightly cooling, but I feel strange that they are heating up so much to reverse global trend from slightly negative / stable to slightly positive; but, in the end, all this is not an evidence that
lands» warming is led by UHI (but, this effect, I would not exclude it from having a small part in temperature trends for some regional area, but just small); both because, as writtend, it is normal to have waters warming slower
than lands, and because
lands» temperatures are often
measured in a not so precise way (despite they continue to give us a global uncertainity in TT values which is barely the instrumental's one)-- but, to point out, HadCRU and MSU of last years (I mean always 2002 - 2006) follow much better waters» temperatures trend; — metropolis and larger cities temperature trends actually show an increase in UHI effect, but I think the sites are few, and the covered area is very small worldwide, so the global effect is very poor (but it still can be sensible for regional effects); but I would not run out a small warming trend for airport measurements due mainly to three things: increasing jet planes traffic, enlarging airports (then more buildings and more asphalt — if you follow motor sports, or simply live in a town / city, you will know how easy they get very warmer
than air during day, and how much it can slow night - time cooling) and overall having airports nearer to cities (if not becoming an area inside the city after some decade of hurban growth, e.g. Milan - Linate); — I found no point about UHI in towns and villages; you will tell me they are not large cities; but, in comparison with 20-40-60 years ago when they were «countryside», many small towns and villages have become part of larger hurban areas (at least in Europe and Asia) so examining just larger cities would not be enough in my opinion to get a full view of UHI effect (still remembering that it has a small global effect: we can say many matters are due to UHI instead of GW, maybe even that a small part of
measured GW is due to UHI, and that GW measurements are not so precise to make us able to make good analisyses and predictions, but not that GW is due to UHI).
It is that the actual real rise in inducted
Land surface KE, as is the total KE «systemic additions» actually made over the past 400 years, are much higher
than is noted by simple
measure of temperature (in the cumulative manner these additions are really produced).
We like to think that they would have done had there been any, but it's an intriguing possibility that they might be
measuring the effects of
land management practices rather
than temperature trends.
In terms of environmental and climate change effects, organic farming is less polluting
than conventional farming when
measured per unit of
land but not when
measured per unit of output.
This is much harder to
measure than in undisturbed forests — these are trees in diverse small to large patches in abandoned agricultural
lands intermingled with human settlements and are surely growing differently
than trees in undisturbed forests or in the experimental planted and regrowing forests where carbon sink strength has been
measured using precise methods.
Data from NASA's Tropical Rainfall
Measuring Mission (TRMM) show that annual mean rainfall is greater over the oceans
than over
land.
The
land surface temperatures vary a lot more because air is less dense
than water and lots of the air where the
land surface temperatures are
measured is less dense
than sea level air.
The argument is that the SLR is greater
than measured by the coastal tidal gauges because of
land movements.
Can't speak for Dr Spencer but my understanding is that most of this would be
measured in Ocean terms where the time lags are longer (and heat capacity greater)
than those for
land.
Comprehensive intersectoral programs that combine
measures to control deforestation and forest degradation with
measures to increase agricultural productivity and sustainability will likely contribute more to reducing vulnerability of forests to climate change,
land use change and other stress factors
than independent sectoral initiatives.
Measure its position accurately once, relative to an immobile reference point or baseline on
land rather
than on the ice.
However it should be noted that satellite - based estimates of temperature are a less appropriate
measure of
land surface temperature
than those derived from ground - based stations.
The new data, compiled from more
than 3,000
measuring points on
land and sea, was issued quietly on the internet, without any media fanfare, and, until today, it has not been reported.
Temperatures
measured on
land and at sea for more
than a century show that Earth's globally averaged surface temperature is experiencing a long - term warming trend.
A guard must be provided that is not less
than 920 mm,
measured vertically to the top of the guard from a line drawn through the outside edges of the stair nosings and 1,070 mm around the
landings, is required on each side of a stairway where the difference in elevation between ground level and the top step is more
than 600 mm but, where there is a wall, a guard is not required on that side
Larry has worked with First Nations on
lands and resources issues for more
than 25 years, and has developed extensive experience in the negotiation of impacts and benefits agreements, environmental assessment, co-management
measures and treaty provisions.
(60) This has been largely due to the Court's reliance on justifying Aboriginal
land rights as a special
measure, rather
than embracing a more expansive understanding of equality as provided in international law.