Sentences with phrase «measure variables such»

A new generation of researchers who think about how best to measure variables such as patient preferences and quality - of - life issues is coming of age now, McDonald adds.

By measuring variables such as intonation, pitch and speech rhythm, the software provides real - time analytics about the caller.

Not exact matches

In their October 2009 paper entitled «Risk Sentiment Index (RSI) and Market Anomalies», Guy Kaplanski and Haim Levy introduce the Risk Sentiment Index (RSI) as a measure of the residual risk contained in VIX after accounting for the statistical and economic variables most predictive of future stock market volatility (such as previous month actual volatility and VIX).

Operating margin measures how much profit a company makes on a dollar of sales, after paying for variable costs of production such as wages and raw materials, but before paying interest or tax.

Even if it was a good measure of altruism, the other problems with such experiments still apply, and «experimenter demand» effects are common confounding variables.

In so doing, such study has frequently sacrificed the closely specified and carefully measured variables.

«We're measuring such variables as prefrontal cortex volume and white matter integrity.

For continuous variables, distributions should be described using graphical displays such as scatterplots, boxplots, or histograms or by reporting measures of central tendency (e.g., mean or median) and dispersion (e.g., SD, interquartile range).

In Bohm's model, the quantum weirdness that had so captivated Bohr, Heisenberg, and the rest — and that had so upset young Bell, when parroted by his teachers — arose because certain variables, such as the electron's initial position, could never be specified precisely: efforts to measure the initial position would inevitably disturb the system.

When an object, such as a piece of plastic or wood, was burned in the chamber, the device measured a range of variables.

As predicted, the researchers found that facial traits are much more variable than other bodily traits, such as the length of the hand, and that facial traits are independent of other facial traits, unlike most body measures.

Cluster membership was then related to harm measures, such as alcohol dependence and self - rated health, and three policy - relevant variables: a liking for alcohol advertisements, price paid for alcohol, and time of its purchase.

This enterprise led him deep into the relationship between economics, physiology, and longevity, where he analyzed variables such as the amount of food consumed by the average slave (or freeman) measured against the amount of work he produced.

«There are many things that need to be measured for which there are no sensors, including many chemistry variables such as phosphorus and heavy metals, and all of the biota such as algae, plants, and animals,» describes Relyea.

Variables that measure student differences based on participation in government programs are problematic, however, especially when comparing different school sectors, since government - run public schools are much more likely to participate in such programs than are privately run schools, even if both types of schools have similar student populations.

The achievement gains based on that measure were more reliable measures of a teacher's practice (less variable across different classes taught by the same teacher) and were more closely related to other measures, such as classroom observations and student surveys.

Also, several of the resource and institutional variables, such as the school's decision - making responsibility and the existence of national examinations, are measured at the school or country level, further decreasing the independence of individual observations and reducing the number of independent observations on these variables.

Such a matched group design is weaker in terms of its ability to support strong causal conclusions than a random assignment design because it doesn't eliminate the possibility that the two groups differed at the outset of the study on variables not measured and therefore not included in the matching algorithm.

There are a number of reasons: 1) student achievement probably wasn't used as the measure of teacher effectiveness; 2) before the advent of the modern computer, in the mid-1960s, some of the more sophisticated analyses were not feasible; 3) the structure and makeup of schools change, making the findings less applicable to the current situation; 4) most important, older studies may not control for critical variables, such as students» backgrounds or past achievement.

Previous studies of school - leader efficacy have measured the effects of various demographic variables, but without much effort to explain why such variables might influence sense of efficacy.

Unlike a variable - income security, where payments change based on some underlying measure such as short - term interest rates, the payments of a fixed - income security are known in advance.

Many private student loan lenders have their variable interest rates tied to the prime rate of a financial index, such as the LIBOR, which is a measure of market conditions.

We can define periods of economic and market agreement and periods of discord by using timely variables, such as the New Orders series from the monthly Institute for Supply Management (ISM) Report, to forecast the probability, at any time, of agreement between the economy and the market.5 Typically macro-based measures suffer from a significant lag in reporting as well as frequent revisions, making them inferior to the immediacy of observing market data, month by month, day by day, even tick by tick.

A model was developed to understand relationships between measured sound levels and variables such as climate, topography, human activity, time of day, and day of year.

Paper J notes that the anthropogenic effect on sea level rise in one region of the world (the Pacific Ocean) over one period of time (1993 - 2013) is too small to detect at a statistically significant level due to factors such as: a) small sample size (only 20 years), b) the effect of control variables (such as the IPO), c) limitations of satellite altimetry measurement, the technique being used to measure sea level in paper H. Paper K offers a contrasting account of paper J, noting that part of the Pacific sea level rise is anthropogenic.

Initial condition uncertainty arises due to errors in the estimate of the starting conditions for the forecast, both due to limited observations of the atmosphere, and uncertainties involved in using indirect measurements, such as satellite data, to measure the state of atmospheric variables.

But it turns out that countries with far higher levels of so - called variable renewables are doing without capacity markets at all, finding that other measures are sufficient, such as investing in transmission capacity, reforming power markets and requiring renewable energy technologies themselves to play a bigger role in meeting power demand.

To accelerate the market penetration of RE, various additional measures have been assumed, such as a speedier introduction of electric vehicles combined with the implementation of effective communications systems and technologies, smart meters and faster expansion of super grids to allow a higher share of variable RE power generation (PV and wind) to be employed.

Systematic measures for integrating variable renewables will be a priority for countries such as Brazil, China, Mexico and South Africa, where the share of renewable power is growing rapdily.

Though many modeling studies have demonstrated the impact of deep water formation changes on the overturning circulation, the observational evidence for such a linkage has been hard to come by for two reasons: (1) Deep water formation is difficult to quantify because the time and locale of production are highly variable from winter to winter, and (2) overturning circulation measures require observations that span the basin, which have been limited in space and time.

The premise being any two measured variables are not connected, no cause and effect, until such connection is emperically deturmined, that «truth» comes AFTER.

Connecting the measured proxies to the variable of interest, such as temperature or rainfall, is highly non-trivial.

61 The first was StyleWriter 4, which measures a variety of variables such as «wordiness, lively language, passivity, and sentence complexity.»

The insurance company will measure a number of variables such as:

Recent theoretical work suggests that bullying might arise out of early cognitive deficits — including language problems, imperfect causal understanding, and poor inhibitory control — that lead to decreased competence with peers, which over time develops into bullying.14, 15 A small number of studies provide circumstantial evidence that such a hypothesis might have merit7: 1 study found a link between poor early cognitive stimulation and (broadly defined) inappropriate school behavior, 16 and another found cognitive stimulation at age 3 years to be protective against symptoms of attention - deficit disorder at age 7 years.17 A study of Greek children found that academic self - efficacy and deficits in social cognition were related to bullying behavior.18 A large US national survey found that those who perceive themselves as having average or below - average academic achievement (as opposed to very good achievement) are 50 % to 80 % more likely to be bullies.8 Yet these studies are based on cross-sectional surveys, with the variables all measured at a single point in time.

We hypothesised that (1) objective measures of availability / access to destinations, greenness and a pedestrian - friendly infrastructure would be negatively associated with depressive symptoms; (2) environmental stressors such as signs of crime / disorder, pollution, traffic - related variables and presence of stray dogs would be positively associated with depressive symptoms; (3) older adults living alone would report more depressive symptoms than their counterparts; (4) and the negative effects of living alone on depressive symptoms would be attenuated by better access / availability of destinations and lower levels of environmental stressors.

Measures for which rates are well documented, such as lifetime prevalence of suicidality, were consistent with other available data.31, 32 Examination of discriminate and convergent validity in between variable analyses within the survey also showed predictable relationship patterns.

Cardiometabolic laboratory variables such as HbA1c, lipid levels, gamma - GT, B12 vitamin, ferritin will be measured at study beginning, at 6 — 8 weeks and at 1 year postpartum and miRNA will be additionally also measured at birth.

Health care communication investigators are beginning to emphasize that measuring how the patient perceives and engages in relationships might be as important as focusing primarily on provider communication variables, but that such patient variables are less frequently investigated (15).

Area - level explanatory variables will include: accessibility and remoteness, as measured by the Accessibility / Remoteness Index of Australia Plus (ARIA +); 54 socioeconomic disadvantage, as measured by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Socioeconomic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA); 55 presence of Aboriginal Medical Services; presence of an AMIHS; proportion of Aboriginal pregnancies / births in an area managed by an AMIHS; numbers of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children attending preschool; numbers of full - time equivalent health workers (including general medical practitioners, nurses, midwives and Aboriginal health workers) per 10 000 population; measures of social capital from the NSW Population Health Survey; 56 features of local communities (derived from ABS Census data), such as information on median personal and household income, mortgage repayment and rent; average number of persons per bedroom and household size; employment; non-school qualifications and housing type for Aboriginal residents in each area.57

So we were able to look at the differences between unhappily married people who divorced and those who stayed married on a number of psychological variables, including: global happiness, depressive symptoms, sense of personal mastery, self - esteem, hostility, autonomy, sense of purpose in life, and self - acceptance, as well as indirect measures such as days of drinking and number of drinks per day.

In addition to standard demographic variables (such as age, race, gender, income and education), the NSFH contains measures of marital happiness, domestic violence, conflict and a wide variety of measures of psychological well - being including: global happiness, depressive symptoms, sense of personal mastery, and self - esteem.

The most apparent is that single measures of absolute concentrations of salivary cortisol, for most health - related variables, seldom give significant findings; deviation measures, in terms of diurnal deviations and / or laboratory stress tests seem to be more strongly and consistently associated with a number of factors, such as Socioeconomic Status (SES), psychological characteristics, biological variables in terms of overweight and abdominal fat accumulation, and mental and somatic disease.

To minimize confounding variables that exist when assessing married couples on relationship satisfaction (such as possible financial barriers and stigma of divorce), the sample primarily consisted of unmarried students, who were assessed using two distinct measures of relationship satisfaction.

Moreover, the possibility of common method variance could be reduced even more by measuring the predictor and outcome variables separated in time, such as across two daily diary surveys (i.e., experience sampling design) were employees are instructed to fill out their experienced levels of workload at the end of the workday and the experienced levels of detachment and marital satisfaction right before bedtime (Podsakoff et al., 2003).

Role strain for example is such a variable and the greater the perceived difficulties in measuring up to the obligations and demands of a parental role felt by a mother, the less likely they are to have an easy transition into motherhood.

Using structural equation modeling, measures of family relationships, such as a person's own and his / her partner's marital adjustment, the amount of contact with children (and grandchildren, if applicable), and being a grandparent or not, served as independent variables to predict each partner's satisfaction with life.

Five studies (Brinsmead et al., 1986; Baluch et al., 1992; Hjelmstedt et al., 1999; Bar - Hava et al., 2001; Fisher et al., 2012) used indirect measures of stress, such as use of counselling services, as the outcome variable.