Sentences with phrase «measured by a calculation»

He defended the changes by saying: «Due to a lack of adequate measurement, it has been possible to ignore the true level of poverty — not just measured by a calculation of relative income, where you are considered to be in poverty if your income is below 60 per cent of median income.

Not exact matches

Measuring GDP is a bit complicated but the calculation can be done in one of two ways — by adding up what everyone earned in a year, or by adding up what everyone spent.

According to the government's own calculations, the elimination of duties on sports and baby clothes will cost $ 76 million a year, but it will gain $ 333 million annually by its other measure.

The Bank's current assessment is that inflation as measured by either the CPI or underlying measures is likely to be in the upper part of the 2 — 3 per cent target zone, once these temporary tax effects have passed out of the calculation.

Housing Bubbles across the world are measured by Average Selling Price with a peak to trough calculation.

By not having indicated that you bedshared and your baby lived and thrived it artificially elevates the statistical calculations measuring the relative risks of bedsharing compared with crib sleeping.

The charts below illustrate the deteriorating fiscal outlook as measured by the traditional budget gaps calculation (showing the growth in next year's gap, from $ 1.8 billion in April plan to $ 4 billion in the July plan) and the governor's alternative measure, assuming spending is held to 2 percent (showing a flip from a $ 692 million «surplus» as of April to an $ 841 million gap as of July).

According to calculations by physicist Geoffrey West of the Santa Fe Institute, when a city doubles in size, the rate of innovation (as measured by new patents) increases by 15 percent.

A man wearing an EEG cap that measures brain activity triggered exposure to these fluorescent drugs simply by doing calculations in his head (PLoS, doi.org/bpwp).

That calculation requires measuring the x-rays» intensity and determining their phase, the relative timing — a harder problem traditionally solved by comparing the diffraction pattern from a pure crystal with one from a similar crystal in which heavy metal atoms substitute for some components of the crystal.

The calculation involves working out the difference in gravitational potential — a measure of the work done by gravity in moving a mass from one location to another — between the centre and surface.

The coral's surface area (A) was calculated by considering the branched fragments as perfect cylinders, hence the height and diameter were measured and used for the cylinder - coral fragment surface area calculation (Mass et al., 2007).

Without units of measure, I have to do a bit of guessing, but by my calculations (the free testosterone you're reporting seems errant, perhaps a «direct» free T??)

A simple cost calculation gives the improvements in student achievement (measured again in standard deviations) that could, by the Picus and Odden estimates of benefits, be expected for a $ 100 addition to spending per pupil from each of the separate programs.

From the embarrassment of approving abysmally low — and Plessy v. Ferguson - like — proficiency targets (including that for Virginia, which had only required districts to ensure that 57 percent of black students and 65 percent of Latino peers were proficient in math by 2016 - 2017), to complaints from House Education and the Workforce Committee Ranking Minority Member George Miller and civil rights - based reformers about how the administration allowed states such as South Dakota to count General Education Development certificates in their graduation rate calculations (and minimize graduation rates as a factor in accountability measures), the administration finds itself contending with complaints from civil rights - based reformers as well as from centrist Democrats finally acknowledging the high cost of their push for revamping No Child at any cost.

Curiously, Vogell noted, several schools statewide had changed in status between the spring 2008 administration of the test and the summer retest in 2008, going from not meeting Adequate Yearly Progress rates, a calculation set by federal legislation that determines the fates of individual schools, to meeting the measure.

[2] The ECM is a type of electronic control unit (ECU), which is an embedded system that employs software to determine the required throttle position by calculations from data measured by other sensors, including the accelerator pedal position sensors, engine speed sensor, vehicle speed sensor, and cruise control switches.

«Wilshire's calculation and analytical expertise combined with Track One's innovative rules - based approach to measuring performance of companies most supportive of military veterans demonstrates the value of a Powered by Wilshire approach, which can help clients bring new investment index strategy ideas to market quickly.»

Since the interest rates used in the calculation of the D / E rates measure are conservatively low estimates of the actual debt payment made by students, we also disagree with the commenters who believe the D / E rates thresholds are too low because they are sensitive to interest rates.

The calculations display a number that represents how much the active manager's returns exceeded its proper passive benchmark, adjusted for risk (measured by standard deviation).

Am I right to think that the heat figure being discussed (10 ^ 23 J) is calculated from temperature changes measured by these Argo bouys, and that your calculation is actually running in reverse from some earlier calculation that derived the heat figure?

The new calculation (Muscheler et al., Nature 2005) uses the annual 14C record measured by Minze Stuiver et al..

They arrived at this calculation by measuring the performance of their recently completed LILAC housing project in Leeds, England.

By that measure, total column CO2 is ~ 3 meters or ~ 3 atm m. Engineering heat transfer calculations often use standard pressure times path length to calculate emissivities of CO2 and water vapor in furnaces from tables or graphs rather than having to do full RT calculations.

Further, the temperature calculations are independently confirmed by four different sets of weather balloons that measure atmospheric temperatures using thermometers.

(B) measured using an alternative calculation method determined by the Commission, in consultation with the Secretary and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation; and

So by measuring the building internally, when we come to any outward - facing junction, such as an eaves, ground floor / wall junction, external wall corner etc. there is essentially a hole in our calculations, as we're limited to a one - dimensional heat loss calculation, and our U-values are blind to the heat loss happening in the second dimension at the junction.

What we also see is that typically, by measuring buildings internally for heat energy balance calculations, we are underestimating the amount of calculable heat loss from a building.

... [Preliminary calculations show] India is on the pathway to deviate its GHG emissions by 12 - 18 %, with a further potential to deviate GHG emissions by nearly 35 % with more ambitious measures.

This is a similar value to the ~ 5 years found from 13C / 12C carbon isotope mass balance calculations of measured atmospheric CO2 13C / 12C carbon isotope data by Segalstad (1992); the ~ 5 years obtained from CO2 solubility data by Murray (1992); and the ~ 5 years derived from CO2 chemical kinetic data by Stumm & Morgan (1970).

But because the emission wavelengths change with temperature the calculation of εa (Ta) is the measured value of εa at each wavelength weighted by the Planck function at Ta.

1950s: Research on military applications of radar and infrared radiation promotes advances in radiative transfer theory and measurements = > Radiation math — Studies conducted largely for military applications give accurate values of infrared absorption by gases = > CO2 greenhouse — Nuclear physicists and chemists develop Carbon - 14 analysis, useful for dating ancient climate changes = > Carbon dates, for detecting carbon from fossil fuels in the atmosphere, and for measuring the rate of ocean turnover = > CO2 greenhouse — Development of digital computers affects many fields including the calculation of radiation transfer in the atmosphere = > Radiation math, and makes it possible to model weather processes = > Models (GCMs)-- Geological studies of polar wandering help provoke Ewing - Donn model of ice ages = > Simple models — Improvements in infrared instrumentation (mainly for industrial processes) allow very precise measurements of atmospheric CO2 = > CO2 greenhouse.

Estimates are shifted to align for 2006 — 2010, five years that are well measured by Argo, and then plotted relative to the resulting mean of all curves for 1971, the starting year for trend calculations.

The resulting total of «counts» during a stop at each scan position leads to the calculation of Tb by comparing the measured value with the number of counts at the hot and cold targets via interpolation.

«None of the work done by the author related to this report was funded by any organization, company or person, besides the author who paid personally for the infrared measuring device and the fees for the carbon dioxide and water vapor spectral transmittance computer calculations.»

In most cases, at the point where the pedestrian was crossing i.e., the zebra or pedestrian crossing, and their post-impact position on the road which is indicated by the area where they lay, can be measured and this is used within the mathematical calculations of Pedestrian Throw.

The evidence in dispute here was entries and calculations made by site surveyors to measure the amount of work completed.

• Highly skilled in interpreting documents and manuals compliant to National and International Standards: ISO, OSHA, etc. • Hands - on experience in running production machines and assembling products to customers» satisfactions • Proficient in the use of measuring equipment and techniques specifically used in production processes • Adept at performing preventative and regular maintenance on production machinery and equipment • Qualified to drive a forklift in a safe and efficient manner by ensuring that all standards for safety are met • Demonstrated expertise in writing effective routine reports and correspondence • Documented success in completing inventories, entering product and quantity information on time and with 100 % accuracy • Focused on ensuring all production processes are completed in agreement with QMS and ISO standards • Competent in mathematical reasoning, calculation, and interpreting graphical data pertinent to production work • Proven ability to multi task to ensure that production deadlines are constantly met

Upon successful completion of the training, the graduate will be able to identify and understand drug nomenclature, dosage forms, routes of administration, and abbreviations used in pharmacy, identify the most common medications by their trade and generic names, perform conversions and / or calculations of weights and measures, understand California pharmacy law, understand basic pharmacology, perform pharmacy operations of the Drug Distribution system, and sterile product preparation.

Merck & Co. / Schering Plough Research Institute (Summit, NJ) 2003 — 2004 Scientist I • Managed quality control, batch record review, compliance audits, and data automation • Identified batch errors and instigated corrective measures while increasing efficiency • Oversaw national and international legal compliance ensuring professional operations • Designed, developed, and implemented electronic specification application • Utilized data automation which enhanced compliance and cut calculation time by 70 %

Assuming a drop - out rate from the trial of approximately 20 %; this sample size was sufficient to detect a standardised effect size of 0.4 at 85 % power and α of 0.05 in the primary outcome measure if there was no clustering and a standardised effect size of 0.6 allowing for clustering by course with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.178 or less; for this sample size calculation, we conservatively imagined clustering within control families as well as intervention families.

The errors of manifest variables were set as the calculation of one minus the measurement's reliability, and the path between the manifest variables and latent variables were set by using the square root of the measures» alpha reliabilities.

«Our rigorous calculation methodology is based on sales concluded by provincial real estate brokers and not on new listings since they are not relevant to measuring actual market share,» says QFREB president Patrick Juanéda.

Housing Bubbles across the world are measured by Average Selling Price with a peak to trough calculation.