Not primarily at the review stage (which is just an initial junk filter), but in the long term response to a paper, which is crudely
measured by citations and more accurately by review papers and consensus.
Building Bricks: Exploring the Global Research and Innovation Impact of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Korea, written by Jonathan Adams, David Pendlebury, and Bob Stembridge, highlights these countries» public and private investments in research and development, their scientific and engineering labor forces, their output of research papers and particularly active areas of research, their academic impact as
measured by citations, and their economic potential based on innovation and patenting.
It's a clever and concise way of capturing two key pieces of information: the number of publications and their influence, as
measured by citations in other peer - reviewed articles.
According to a study commissioned by CanLII and released today reported cases have varying «life spans» and cease to be important — as
measured by their citation in other judgments — somewhere between three and fifteen years.
Not exact matches
«Part of the reasons active
measures have worked in the US election is because the commander - in - chief has used Russian active
measures at times against his opponents,» Watts said, pointing to Manafort and Trump's
citations of fake - news stories pushed out
by Russian - linked entities last year.
They also found evidence that the quality of the commercial activity declined, as
measured by how well the companies did and the number of
citations garnered
by patents relating to each discovery.»
These metrics can be found in IfA's Self - Study Report and include
measures such as rank
by high - impact paper and
citations by subfield.
One example is the Relative
Citation Ratio (RCR), recently developed
by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) to
measure an article's influence.
The
citation rate
by peers represents a means of
measuring the usefulness and quality of research carried out.
Road accident statistics on a model -
by - model basis from the UK Department of Transport show that the Mercedes - Benz S - Class is one of the safest cars on the UK roads [
citation needed](
measured in terms of chance of death in an accident).
The NOAA letter states: ``... we have: provided the Committee with the data it has requested, to the extent such data exist; provided
citations to peer - reviewed articles that explain the methodology that NOAA scientist use to analyze the data; and explained how the temperature is
measured by various means and how such data must be corrected for non-climatic factors.
There is a growing disconnect between scientists who impact within the ivory tower, as
measured by publications and
citations, versus those scientists that are tweeting and blogging.
Their study
measures three variables: adherence to originalism,
citations of Scalia's nonjudicial writings, and willingness to express views
by writing separate opinions.
For American colleagues, The Canadian Abridgment (published
by Carswell and now in its third edition) is similar to West's digest system (General Digest, Decennial Digest), with Canadian counterparts of Shepard's
Citations and the Current Law Index included for good
measure.
Another relevant point to be made is that open access has been shown to increase readership and
citations for comparable work, giving open access journals, in general, an advantage
by this
measure.
At the same time, the journal in many fields grew into the primary
measure of reputation, as journal ranking could be carefully calculated
by Impact Factor (average number of times an article is cited within a two - year period), in way not possible with books (for which there was no
citation index).
He explains, «I have suggested that weighting the number of decisions of a federal court of appeals
by the number of
citations to those decisions
by other courts of appeals, which is to say courts not bound as a matter of stare decisis to follow the cited court's decisions, yields a meaningful
measure of judicial output.»
The court in Warth expounded that:»... when the asserted harm is a generalized grievance [such as so - called traffic cases] shared in substantially equal
measure by all or a large class of citizens [People] that harm alone normally does not warrant exercise of jurisdiction [
citation omitted].
Out of the 20 most central projects in the blockchain space
measured by popularity,
citation, and collaboration, 18 were created and maintained
by organizations.»
Interestingly, most
measures that have received frequent
citations in JPP were also endorsed with greater frequency
by the respondents to the Division 54 survey (see column 2 of Table III), but there were some exceptions.