Of the seven
measured planetary boundaries, four are currently transgressed (biosphere integrity, climate change, biogeochemical flows and land - system change) 3.
Not exact matches
It is rapidly expanding energy use, mainly driven by fossil fuels, that explains why humanity is on the verge of breaching
planetary sustainability
boundaries through global warming, biodiversity loss, and disturbance of the nitrogen - cycle balance and other
measures of the sustainability of the earth's ecosystem.
According to Lynas, Rockström and his associates — referred to by Lynas as the «
planetary boundaries experts group» — believe that they have identified nine fundamental
measures of the planet's ecological health that human development must not interfere with, if ecological catastrophe is to be avoided.
The failure to account for different environments points to the main problem with the
planetary boundaries framework: it only
measures environmental change as negative — as progression toward supposed biophysical
boundaries — and never as positive, either for humans (e.g., more food) or environments (e.g., higher yields resulting in less deforestation).
The
planetary boundaries advocates, consist with their hierarchical values framework, call for «universal clean energy» and recommend development targets focused not on
measuring expanded energy access, but rather carbon dioxide emissions (here in PDF).