At each site Meyerson and Cronin
measured plant biomass and defenses against herbivores and quantified insect damage by galling, chewing and sucking (aphids) insects to measure the effects of herbivory on Phragmites fitness.
Not exact matches
Based on measurements of 45,000 individual
plants from 3,680 species, and using high - tech statistical mapping protocols, the team created global maps of
plant traits including leaf nitrogen concentration, leaf phosphorus concentration, and specific leaf area (a
measure of area displayed to intercept light per unit investment in leaf
biomass).
Map shows the entire area where oil and gas development has reduced the land's ability to fix carbon,
measured in «net primary production,» which is the net amount of carbon fixed by
plants and stored in
biomass.
It says that, in addition to wind and solar, 12GW can come from new and some already planned Combined Heat and Power projects by 2020 or perhaps earlier, 2.5 GW from
biomass projects and 2.5 GW from conventional
plant, plus 4GW from «additional energy efficiency
measures»: it backs a serious domestic and industrial energy efficiency programme and the development of smart metering.