He and a colleague reviewed studies between 1957 and 2003 that
measured sodium excretion in urine — a very accurate way of determining salt intake that gets around the difficulties in figuring out exactly how much salt is in your food.
This
measure, known as 24 - hour urinary
sodium excretion, provides a rough estimate of the amount of
sodium a person consumed in the previous day.
One
measured fluid, electrolyte, and renal indices of hydration over eleven days of caffeine consumption in human subjects, finding that doses of up to 6 mg caffeine per kilogram of body weight had no effect on body mass, urine osmolality (urine concentration), urine specific gravity (concentration of excreted materials in urine), urine color, urine volume,
sodium excretion, potassium secretion, creatinine content, blood urea nitrogen (forms when protein breaks down), and serum levels of
sodium and potassium.