The new study is based on data from a worldwide NASA - funded
measurement network.
The use of a high measurement density and consistent methods provides that errors resulting from an imperfectly representative
measurement network are largely consistent and correctable (Pelto, 1996, 1997, 2000).
Currently
this measurement network comprises about 10 snow pits and about 50 ablation stakes distributed across the glacier.
At the time, we (correctly) pointed out that this result was going to be hard to reconcile with continued increases in sea level rise (driven in large part by thermal expansion effects), and that there may still be issues with way that the new ARGO floats were being incorporated into the ocean
measurement network.
In conclusion, the present atmospheric
measurement network, current information on air - sea fluxes and current understanding of vertical atmospheric transport are not sufficient to allow full use of the potential of inverse modelling techniques to infer geographically detailed source - sink distributions of anthropogenic CO2.
«We can pretty much tell what's happening at a global level, but if we want to understand what's happening in different regions, we really need to have a denser
measurement network and a combination of different approaches, like aircraft and tall towers,» said Dlugokencky, a co-author of the Science paper.
The unique Sodankylä ground
measurement network is utilized in the quality control of the global satellite - based monitoring of soil moisture and frost
Let's suppose this position is correct, but when creating the global average I cut the percentage of rural stations in
the measurement network from 75 % to 25 % (sorry don't know the real numbers).
In the Netherlands, ECN has deployed the standalone Windcube in
its measurement network to provide bankable data to support the Dutch government's ambitious offshore wind installation targets.
NOAA's scientists not only are involved in maintaining a large portion of the world air sampling and
measurement network, but also provide the calibration necessary for an integrated network and serve on several advisory groups and expert committees for assuring quality control, improving understanding, and identifying future needs.
Within the climate science realm, the old climate / weather station system had long been considered the best and most complete
measurement network in the world.
By carefully planning and maintaining these pristine stations and by using the best technology available, this large - scale experiment eliminates the following problems with the older weather
measurement network:
On Lemon Creek Glacier we used
a measurement network with a maximum density of 30 points / km2.
We used these dates because this is the time period when we have the available resources to complete the dense
measurement network.
Cogley (1999) pointed out that with
a measurement network spaced at 50 - 100 m apart the largest source of uncertainty is the error in actual point mass balance measurement (> 0.05 m), and sampling error is negligible.
To ascertain the annual balance of a glacier from a sparse network of observations is optimized by detailed mapping of mass balance across the glacier determined from a high - density
measurement network during several years.
A measurement network of 1 point / km2 yielded an error of +0.15 m / a, ranging from -0.07 m / a to — 0.24 m / a.
We calculated the mass balance for
each measurement network simply from the mean of all the observations, without biasing the results according to the representativeness of the specific sites.
However, the consistency of the error for each year indicated by the parallel nature of the annual balance trendlines for the varying point networks suggests even greater accuracy was possible if the overall glacier balance distribution has been determined at some time using a denser
measurement network (Figure 5).
On Columbia Glacier, we used
a measurement network with a maximum density of 375 points / km2, and a maximum spacing between points of 90 m and a mean spacing of 45 m. Annual mass balance (1984 - 1998) was typically determined on Columbia Glacier from
a measurement network with a spacing of 187 points / km2 (Pelto, 1996), and a mean spacing of 50 m.
A typical
measurement network is shown in Figure 2.
«The study also showed us how important it is to maintain a comprehensive
measurement network and to develop and use scientific methods that help us distinguish the changes from the natural variation in climate in a reliable way», Laine explains.
The DKRZ long - term archive WDCC (World Data Center for Climate) has assigned its 1000th DataCite DOI to the experiment OceanRAIN - M of the project «Ocean Rainfall And Ice - phase precipitation
measurement Network».
Other stations of the global CO2
measurement network show almost exactly the same; the most important regional variation is the greatly subdued seasonal cycle at stations in the southern hemisphere.
And currently there are about 10 tall towers that monitor greenhouse gases, whereas the original plan for
the measurement network called for around 35, said Arlyn Andrews, a NOAA researcher at the Earth System Research Laboratory who is responsible for the tall tower network and was a co-author on the paper.
For the first time, the researchers have proved that both the worldwide
measurement network NDACC with its ground stations and modern weather satellites provide reliable global data for the isotope composition of tropospheric water vapor.
Two commercial in - situ instruments and an infrared instrument of the worldwide
measurement network NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) were applied for this purpose.
For this purpose, the researchers have thoroughly evaluated the earthquake activity by combining the two major Turkish Earthquake
Measurement Networks with measurement data from the GFZ Plate Boarder Observatory within the framework of a German - Turkish cooperation project.
The annual balance in meters of water equivalent determined from field
measurements networks of varying number of measurement sites on Columbia Glacier.
On Columbia Glacier in the North Cascades, Washington and Lemon Creek Glacier Juneau Icefield, Alaska, we determined annual mass balance from
measurement networks of varying density.
We had the advantage of already understanding the overall mass balance pattern of each glacier in selecting
measurement networks that would provide the most representative coverage for the glacier given the total number of measurements in each sample (Pelto, 1996; Miller and Pelto, 1999).
In this study, we approach the issue of errors resulting from
measurements networks of varying densities from a purely field measurement perspective.
Ongoing
measurement networks, satellites and field campaigns continue to be critical to constrain and improve black carbon model development.
However, the ocean is a very big place and the historical
measurement networks are plagued with sampling issues in space and time.
Since the TAR, availability of new data from various
measurement networks and from national reporting documents has enabled re-estimates of CH4 source magnitudes and insights into individual source strengths.
Not exact matches
Nielsen, the company whose name is synonymous with
network and cable TV ratings, has been trying for a few years to expand its
measurement capabilities to cover the rapidly - growing streaming entertainment market.
In Facebook's case, the issue is complicated by the fact that the social
network has repeatedly had to admit errors in its audience -
measurement analytics, including over-estimating video views for more than two years.
In place of physical stores, it has a
network of more than 450 commissioned sales agents throughout the country who visit shoppers» homes, take their
measurements, and help them select bras (prices, which range from $ 40 to $ 80, include a complimentary fitting session).
Another important
measurement of Google's ads business changed this quarter as it started reporting
Network properties growth in impressions versus clicks to reflect the way advertisers buy programmatic ads.
«On the whole, Snap was the lowest rated relative to other Social
networks, given low relative marks on return on investment; targeting; and data, analytics and
measurement,» wrote Blackledge in a note published Thursday.
However, a number of organizations, including the Global Impact Investing
Network and the Global Impact Investing Rating System, are working toward standardizing reporting and
measurement.
Before Aereo, Kanojia founded Navic
Networks, which built technology that offered TV networks tools that use real - time audience measureme
Networks, which built technology that offered TV
networks tools that use real - time audience measureme
networks tools that use real - time audience
measurement data.
Points North is a firm founded by former executives with analytics experience going back to the old Jupiter Research digital ad
measurement business, as well as with the Word of Mouth Marketing Association (now part of the Association of National Advertisers) and such influencer
networks as CrowdTap and House Party.
Gas A
measurement of how much processing is required by the ethereum
network to process a transaction.
The CO2 is sampled from air that is above the Boundary Layer; ostensibly free from surface effects.The Keeling Curve has the longest history of CO2 continuous
measurements; but over the past 50 years a
network of similar stations has become active.
For intelligent and
networked data processing, at Interpack, Minebea Intec will be presenting a new software release for statistical process controls: SPC@Enterprise 3.0 converts all
measurement data into useful information, even in the areas of foreign body detection and dynamic checkweighing, which help to ensure product quality, food safety and productivity.
«Facebook interest» denotes the social
network's
measurement of how many users are interested in the school's athletics.
Ben's research focuses on the
measurement of political preferences from survey, voting,
network and text with a particular focus on using text data.
O'Keefe said the flood in the village shows the limits of flash flood forecasting, which relies on Doppler radar; rainfall
measurements from ground stations, like the New York State Mesonet, a
network of more than 120 weather stations across the state; and reports from ground observers.
Meinrath founded the Commotion Wireless Project (a.k.a., the «Internet - in - a-Suitcase») and is the co-founder of
Measurement Lab (M - Lab), a distributed server platform for researchers around the world to deploy Internet measurement tools, advance network research, and empower the public with useful information about their broadband c
Measurement Lab (M - Lab), a distributed server platform for researchers around the world to deploy Internet
measurement tools, advance network research, and empower the public with useful information about their broadband c
measurement tools, advance
network research, and empower the public with useful information about their broadband connections.