Sentences with phrase «measurements of atmospheric»

«Satellites are not a thermometer in space, they're not making direct measurements of atmospheric temperature, they're measuring the microwave emissions from oxygen molecules,» Santer said.

The issue is not whether precise measurements of atmospheric temperatures can ever be made from space.

I have to say that I'm rather unimpressed with what I've heard in the way of excuses in relation to the growing discrepancy between SRES - type projections and actual measurements of atmospheric CH4 (it came up a couple of weeks ago in a workshop here).

After all, UAH has a history of being biased low, and other measurements of atmospheric temperatures estimate higher warming rates than in the UAH record.

Figure 2: Measurements of an atmospheric nucleation and growth event in the Lower Fraser Valley, Canada.

Currently, many observing systems capture elements of how climate is changing, such as direct measurements of atmospheric and ocean temperature.

HES was planned to provide both an advanced sounding capability for measurements of atmospheric temperature and moisture content and an imager for monitoring coastal water quality and assessing coastal hazards.

1950s: Research on military applications of radar and infrared radiation promotes advances in radiative transfer theory and measurements = > Radiation math — Studies conducted largely for military applications give accurate values of infrared absorption by gases = > CO2 greenhouse — Nuclear physicists and chemists develop Carbon - 14 analysis, useful for dating ancient climate changes = > Carbon dates, for detecting carbon from fossil fuels in the atmosphere, and for measuring the rate of ocean turnover = > CO2 greenhouse — Development of digital computers affects many fields including the calculation of radiation transfer in the atmosphere = > Radiation math, and makes it possible to model weather processes = > Models (GCMs)-- Geological studies of polar wandering help provoke Ewing - Donn model of ice ages = > Simple models — Improvements in infrared instrumentation (mainly for industrial processes) allow very precise measurements of atmospheric CO2 = > CO2 greenhouse.

International field intercomparison measurements of atmospheric mercury species at Mace Head, Ireland

Reconstructions of the worldwide trend of GEM concentrations have been attempted using all direct measurements of atmospheric GEM available since 1977.

We know that they vary by place and by season, and we also know that some historical measurements of atmospheric CO2 gave absurd (and clearly wrong) results, which could even be misused to suggest that atmospheric CO2 fell sharply at times.

Detailed measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels have been taken continuously for more than 50 years.

Dr. Angell's focus was on the radiosonde measurements of the atmospheric temperature above the Earth's surface but he also gave results for surface temperature.

In this data activity, students use NASA satellite measurements of atmospheric pressure to learn that pressure decreases with height in the atmosphere.

We conduct measurements of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles using air - deployed drop - sondes and remote sensing measurements.

However, instead of looking at emissions it might make more sense to look at real measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentrations for two reasons.

Ernst - Georg Beck, by assembling more than 90,000 pre-1958 measurements of atmospheric CO2 dating back to the nineteenth century, has shown rather large variations, including a major increase roughly coincident with a rise in ocean temperatures from 1920 to 1940 [Beck 2007].

However, measurements of the atmospheric composition don't show any major change associated with the troposphere / tropopause transition.

Measurements of atmospheric isotopes such as C12 / C13 can not prove anything either because CO2 ′ s residence time based on the IPCC's figures in 2007 - AR4 is 3.8 years meaning the C12 / C13 ratio can not change substantially because human CO2 is rapidly absorbed by natural sinks.

[8] This was virtually identical to the statement found in the ISPM [ISPM v. 1 2.1 b] and echoed the summary statement: «Globally - averaged measurements of atmospheric temperatures from satellite data since 1979 show an increase of 0.04 °C to 0.20 °C per decade over this period» [ISPM v. 1 ES].

post 1960 when more accurate measurements of atmospheric CO2 were being made....

We do not have data on human CH4, N2O and CFC emissions over the period, but we do have published measurements of the atmospheric concentration of each gas.

During the 1980s, EPRI funded research by influential scientist Charles Keeling and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography that documented «virtually all that we knew at the time from measurements of atmospheric CO2.»

In 1979 scientists lacked any comprehensive measurements of atmospheric temperatures, so the Charney Report's guesses could not be confirmed or denied.

The resulting best - estimate temperature data product for Lauder is expected to be valuable for satellite and model validation as measurements of atmospheric essential climate variables are sparse in the Southern Hemisphere.

that documented «virtually all that we knew at the time from measurements of atmospheric CO2.»

The measurements of atmospheric composition were started in 1991, and the Sammaltunturi station was established as a node of the Pallas — Sodankylä Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station in 1994.

However, it turns out that satellite measurements of atmospheric temperatures are very tricky.

Ernst Beck has complied tens of thousands of analyses of early measurements of atmospheric CO2, and concludes that CO2 levels were much higher during the 1930's warm period than the generally - accepted levels; CO2 dropped sharply during the cooling from ~ 1946 to ~ 1977; and CO2 increased since 1977 due to the recent warming, and is now at similar levels to the early 1940's.

... The National Weather Service (NWS) makes observations and measurements of atmospheric phenomena as required for climatological, hydrologic, meteorological, and oceanographic services.

The reason for scientific concern over global warming rests on basic physics — infrared absorption — and robust measurements of atmospheric gas concentrations.

The Advocates and the Opponents of global warming struggle to agree even on the reliability of the measurements of atmospheric temperatures.

Starting in 2006 and 2007, N.O.A.A. began collecting many more measurements of atmospheric methane in the United States.

Pages 137 - 140 of IPCC AR4 describe high - precision in situ measurements of atmospheric CO2 at Mauna Loa, documenting the steady increase in CO2 along with its characteristic seasonal fluctuation.

The measurements of atmospheric composition were started in 1991, and the Sammaltunturi station was established as a node of the Pallas — Sodankylä Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station in 1994.

The team from AWI, meanwhile, will soon begin a $ 5 million project off Palau in the west Pacific, funded by the European Union, to take more measurements of atmospheric chemicals that will help it estimate OH levels better.

The work included data from a variety of sources, including national emissions inventories kept by the United Nations, global estimates of energy use and direct measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and involved dozens of authors from institutes around the world.

Pétron says that more studies are needed using industry inventories and measurements of atmospheric concentrations.

The OCO mission aimed to make unique and high quality measurements of the atmospheric column of carbon dioxide at high spatial resolution.

New measurements of atmospheric loss by NASA's MAVEN probe should help scientists determine how a planet with rushing water and a temperate climate a few billion years ago transformed into a cold, dry desert.

The crash, blamed on a faulty launch vehicle, devastated researchers who had spent years preparing to analyse what would have been some of the first space - borne measurements of atmospheric CO2.

The researchers determined from the isotope ratio that the Taylor Glacier samples were 120,000 years old, and validated the estimate by comparing the results to well - dated ice core measurements of atmospheric methane and oxygen from that same period.

In 1958, Scripps Institution climatologist Charles Keeling began making precise measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations at Mauna Loa Observatory.

Among them were the measurements of atmospheric ozone at the UK's Halley research station in Antarctica.

And, of course, the early 2005 descent of the Huygens probe through Titan's atmosphere for two and a half hours captured panoramic images and measurements of atmospheric composition, transparency, winds and temperature before the probe came to rest on the moon's surface.

In addition to the isotope concentration, the air bubbles trapped in the ice cores allow for measurement of the atmospheric concentrations of trace gases, including greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.

At a Feb. 7 hearing of Juliana, et al v. United States of America, et al — a case a group of kids, young adults and environmentalists brought in 2015 against the U.S. government — Frank Volpe said he didn't know whether carbon dioxide levels had reached 400 parts per million, a measurement of atmospheric concentration.

Using this method that has been developed by high - temperature plasma diagnostics, as shown in Image 2, we have succeeded in greatly reducing the influence of atmospheric pressure (gas), which was a problem in high - accuracy measurement of atmospheric pressure low - temperature plasma.

As NOAA's Mauna Loa measurement of atmospheric methane concentrations are only currently increasing at a rate of approximately 0.25 % per year (or 12.5 % change in 50 - years); how could anyone be concerned that the change in atmospheric methane burden in 50 - years could be 300 % (as per Isaken et al (2011) case 4XCH4; which would require an additional 0.80 GtCH4 / yr of methane emissions on top of the current rate of methane emissions of 0.54 GtCH4 / yr)?

And what about the measurement of atmospheric CO2?