Not exact matches
Kargel is the international coordinator
of Global
Land Ice Measurements From Space, a satellite program dedicated to photographing each glacier on Earth every year.
Between 2002 and 2007, satellite
measurements showed that
ice from the glacier's grounding line, the spot where it transitions from being on the
land to in the sea, thinned at a rate
of 1.2 meters to 6 meters per year.
That size cutoff is standard practice,» says Bruce Raup
of the University
of Colorado in Boulder, who is also director
of the Global
Land Ice Measurements from Space project, an international glacier monitoring project.
Having precise
measurements of snow on sea
ice is essential for NASA's upcoming Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite - 2 (ICESat -
ice is essential for NASA's upcoming
Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite - 2 (ICESat -
Ice, Cloud, and
land Elevation Satellite - 2 (ICESat - 2).
Again, Monckton must surely know full well that for the last 25 - 30 years satellite temperature
measurement of sea and
land surface have replaced terrestrial temperature station
measurements in many cases since these give a much greater coverage (70 %
of the surface
of the Earth is water... it's difficult to put weather stations on top
of ice sheets etc.!)
Using satellite
measurements from the NASA / German Aerospace Center Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), the researchers measured
ice loss in all
of Earth's
land ice between 2003 and 2010, with particular emphasis on glaciers and
ice caps outside
of Greenland and Antarctica.
In the fall, the team also will begin its yearly
measurements of land and sea
ice in Antarctica.
2) loss
of land based
ice: both
land based observations (Glacier National Park for instance) and satellite gravity
measurements make it clear that
land based
ice is decreasing.
Unfortunately the best description
of it I can't find again but it basically models the earths crust and tries to provide a reasonable assumption
of how much the crust would rise and this is used with the GRACE
measurements to determine how much mass is
ice and how much is
land.
Therefore I strongly doubt that the «rising»
of the
land has any appreciable bearing upon our estimates
of ice loss in Antarctica, whether they are based upon gravity
measurements via satellites or laser altimetry.
Composite satellite
measurements of sea surface temperature (SST) and real - color
land and sea
ice images for the end
of the summer 2011 season in the Pacific Arctic.
Goddard Institute researchers used temperature data from weather stations on
land, satellite
measurements of sea
ice temperature since 1982 and data from ships for earlier years.
Repeated annual
measurements of key glaciers maintains a long - term record
of change in the Antarctic that goes back to NASA's
Ice, Cloud and
Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) which stopped collecting data in 2009.
Challenges and recommendations in mapping
of glacier parameters from space: results
of the 2008 Global
Land and
Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) workshop, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Yet we know the
land around then Arctic is warming faster than the global average so it seems unreasonable to suggest that the ocean isn't, Satellite temperature
measurements up to 82.5 N support this as does the decline
of Arctic sea
ice here, here & here.
From that link's words, the DMI «green line» IS the best way to consistently compare the daily estimate
of NORTH areas
of the arctic — those areas north
of 70 latitude to 83 north latitude NASA - GISS extrapolates «surface» ground - based temperatures as far as 1200 km from where their
land - based
measurements were made from 60 - 70 latitude over the ever - greening (and darker) tundra and forests OUT to the open sea where where the arctic sea
ice actually is present.
Many more flawed or misleading presentations
of Global Warming science exist in the book, including those on Arctic sea
ice thinning, correction
of land - based temperature
measurements for the urban heat island effect, satellite vs. ground - based
measurements of Earth's warming, and controversies over sea level rise estimates.
A few groups have attempted to construct sea
ice estimates for the pre-satellite era using various combinations
of land, ship, submarine, buoy and aircraft
measurements made over the years, e.g., the Chapman & Walsh dataset or the Zakharov dataset (Note that the server for the Zakharov dataset is not always online, so the link sometimes doesn't work).
For example, with Étienne Berthier,
of the Laboratoire d'Études en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales in Toulouse, I am writing a chapter on the Subantarctic for a book about GLIMS, the Global
Land Ice Measurements from Space initiative.
The
measurements shown here represent the temperature
of the «skin» (or top 1 millimeter)
of the
land surface during the daytime — including bare
land, snow or
ice cover, urban areas, and cropland or forest canopy.
The second reconstruction uses satellite gravity
measurements to calculate the change in mass
of land ice and
land water.
Using satellite
measurements from the NASA / German Aerospace Center Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), the researchers measured
ice loss in all
of Earth's
land ice between 2003 and 2010, with particular emphasis on glaciers and
ice caps outside
of Greenland and Antarctica.
A new book from the international GLIMS (Global
Land Ice Measurements from Space) initiative, an international collaboration including the National Snow and
Ice Data Center at the University
of Colorado [continue reading...]
Until recently, the contribution
of ice sheets to sea - level rise remained unknown and is still debated, but the current acceleration
of sea - level rise is attributed to heating
of the oceans and melting
of land glaciers which is supported by
measurements of ocean temperatures and the behavior
of mountain glaciers, the vast majority
of which are retreating or exhibit signs
of instability.
We know it from direct
measurements of land and water, from shifts in where animals and plants live, from rapid increases in glacier and
ice sheet melt, from sea level rise (due less to melting
ice, and more to expansion as the water warms).
Steve Nerem, the director
of the widely relied - upon research center, told FoxNews.com that his group added the 0.3 millimeters per year to the actual sea level
measurements because
land masses, still rebounding from the
ice age, are rising and increasing the amount
of water that oceans can hold.
[It] is based on
measurements made by many independent institutions worldwide that demonstrate significant changes on
land, in the atmosphere, the ocean and in the
ice - covered areas
of the Earth.»
sea was converted to
land and agriculture, heather fields to forests and since 1.5 century industrialization, increased population and transport... The local offset (~ 40 ppmv in Giessen, SW Germany) can be calibrated away by comparing the stomata data to direct
measurements and
ice cores in the previous century, but nobody knows the influence
of land use changes in the main wind directions and
of changes in the main wind directions themselves (MWP - LIA) in the course
of the centuries.
This new research combines
measurements of ocean heat,
land and atmosphere warming and
ice melting to find that our climate system continued to accumulate heat through to 2008.
The Global
Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project released Version 5.0
of the RGI in 2015 (Arendt et al. 2015).
There are
of course uncertainties in the estimation methods but independent data from multiple
measurement techniques (explained here) all show the same thing, Antarctica is losing
land ice as a whole, and these losses are accelerating quickly.
Since 2003, the detailed gravity
measurements from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)
of the change in glacial
land ice and water show an increase in mass
of the ocean.
Although, it does not agree well with most other
measurement techniques, Wu et al's (2010) estimate is still at the upper end
of IPCC predictions for
ice losses and shows extensive
land -
ice losses from both Antarctica and Greenland.