Sentences with phrase «measurements of solar»

The same is by direct measurements of the solar irradiance on groung by radiometers, pyrometers and pyrgeometers adjusted to measure the solar irradiance EXCLUSIVELY.

The continuing satellite measurements of the solar constant found it cycling within narrow limits, scarcely one part in a thousand.

The Carleton spreadsheet comes with the Sun temperature set to 5880 K, and that value seems to best map to the actual measurements of the Solar spectrum as shown in Carleton and reproduced above as the leftmost panel of my second graphic.

They look at things like this Solar Constant and since 1978 when we started taking direct satellite measurements of solar output from outer space, where they could see more clearly the solar variance.

There are no direct measurements of solar radiation on climatological time scales, but a variety of circumstantial evidence suggests that longer - term variations do occur, perhaps with larger amplitudes than those found in the two most recent eleven - year Schwabe cycles.

In regard to the solar forcing of the climate system, the results of this investigation suggest that with the assumption that solar forcing does impact cloud cover, measurements of solar activity exhibit a slightly higher correlation than GCRs.

Daily measurements of the solar spectrum between 0.2 µm and 2.4 µm, made by the Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) instrument on the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite3 since April 2004, have revealed4 that over this declining phase of the solar cycle there was a four to six times larger decline in ultraviolet than would have been predicted on the basis of our previous understanding.

The results of this investigation suggest that with the assumption that solar forcing does impact cloud cover, measurements of solar activity exhibits a slightly higher correlation than GCRs.

AR4 WG1 claims that the Maunder Minimum was in 1610, out by nearly 100 years, and that no measurements of Solar Radiation were available before the satellites of c. 1977, whereas NOAA actually has continuous time series across the USA from 1960 to 2005 (when they cease because no doubt Jim Hansen deemed them to be Inconvenient Truths).

I can take measurements of solar insolation starting at sunrise and ending at local noon, extrapolate it into the future, and then claim the earth will be melted in a short time.

There are measurements of solar energy arriving at the top of the troposphere that goes back to the 1970's, there is a definite decrease in input.

The Hoyt & Schatten reconstruction used by Soon is not based on ANY measurements of solar radiation, but on [dubious] guess work extrapolated from solar activity proxies: «These indices are (1) the equatorial solar rotation rate, (2) the sunspot structure, the decay rate of individual sunspots, and the number of sunspots without umbrae, and (3) the length and decay rate of the sunspot cycle.»

The researchers compared GOSAT short - wave infrared Fourier transform spectrometer data collected between 2009 and 2013 with water level data from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment observations to approximate drought and used satellite measurements of solar - induced chlorophyll fluorescence as a proxy for vegetation levels.

Although credible models of planet formation now exist, further measurements of solar system bodies and extra-solar objects could offer insight to the origin of Earth and the solar system.

There are uncertainties in connecting the 14C production rate to recent instrumental measurements of solar magnetic modulation (see figure).

And third, the transition from solar maximum in the first half to a particularly deep and long solar minimum in the second half of the period — this is evidenced by measurements of solar activity, but can explain only part of the slowdown (about one third according to our correlation analysis).

This is shown, among others, by the sunspot data (Fig. 1) as well as measurements of the solar luminosity from satellites (Fig. 2).

These probes orbited the Sun at a distance similar to that of the Earth's orbit, and made the first detailed measurements of the solar wind and the solar magnetic field.

However, various independent measurements of solar activity all show closer agreement to the PMOD reconstruction which indicates the sun has been showing a cooling trend over the last few decades.

Various independent measurements of solar activity all confirm the sun has shown a slight cooling trend since 1978.

For periods after 1974, they calculate TSI values based on daily measurements of solar magnetograms.

Historically, measurements of our solar system's gravity created by our sun have been used to try and detect the fifth force, but that has proven difficult because its gravitational field is relatively weak.

Scientists have long thought that measurements of the solar wind could be made only before these particles hit the invisible boundary of the ionosphere.

It will do this via high - speed (sub-second timescales) spectroscopic and magnetic measurements of the solar photosphere, chromosphere and corona.

One flies just within Earth's orbit around the sun, the other just outside it, allowing the pair to obtain unique measurements of solar wind behaviour.

The motor — still working today after 6.5 million pivots — helped Voyager 1 scientists improvise measurements of the solar wind when a dedicated instrument failed.

Outfitted with specialised instruments, the buoy functions as an unmanned research platform for continuous measurements of solar radiation absorption and other critical properties of Arctic snow and ice.

«Satellites map photosynthesis at high resolution: Precise measurement of the solar - induced chlorophyll fluorescence enables scientists to quantify gross primary production.»

«Precise measurement of the solar - induced chlorophyll fluorescence, derived from OCO - 2 — but also from follow - on missions such as the European Sentinel - 5P, which will be launched coincidentally now on October 13th — enables scientists to quantify gross primary production and its contribution to the global carbon cycle,» says Guanter.

Not exact matches

Of course, proving Einstein right required the careful measurement by Arthur Eddington and colleagues of starlight bending near the sun during a solar eclipse in 191Of course, proving Einstein right required the careful measurement by Arthur Eddington and colleagues of starlight bending near the sun during a solar eclipse in 191of starlight bending near the sun during a solar eclipse in 1919.

The probe will swoop within 6.4 million kilometers of the sun and take the first direct measurements of the corona — and perhaps figure out more precisely where the corona becomes the solar wind.

This case is bolstered by data from the last mission to make such measurements — the Voyager 1 spacecraft, which swooped by Titan in 1980 during solar maximum conditions and found similarly depleted levels of methane.

In his research, Robin Ramstad has combined and compared measurements of the ion escape under varying solar wind conditions and levels of ionizing solar radiation, so - called extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation.

MAVEN's orbit continually changes its orientation with respect to the Sun, allowing measurements to be made covering all of the regions surrounding Mars and building up a map of the magnetotail and its interaction with the solar wind.

Although the calculated mass for that pulsar, called J1614 - 2230, is lower than that of the black widow pulsar, the uncertainty in the measurement is smaller: + / - 0.04 solar masses vs 0.12 solar masses for the black widow pulsar.

A heavily instrumented ground site downwind of Manaus captured measurements of aerosols, clouds, and solar and thermal energy during GoAmazon.

New measurements of meteorite ages suggest that the giant planet's core must have formed within the solar system's first million years.

She was even more surprised by new measurements of Jupiter's magnetic field, which is the strongest in the solar system.

Snow, humidity, and solar radiation measurements are too sparse, for example, and few observations of soil moisture or groundwater stocks exist.

Satellite measurements and a model of how efficiently maize converts that light to mass, reveal that solar brightening, an increase in the sunlight penetrating the atmosphere and reaching Earth, accounted for 27 % of the yield increase U.S. Corn Belt farmers have observed between 1984 and 2013, researchers report today in Nature Climate Change.

Cassini's new measurements of these neutral atoms revealed something unexpected — the particles coming from the tail of the heliosphere reflect the changes in the solar cycle almost exactly as fast as those coming from the nose of the heliosphere.

Based on measurements of Jupiter and the solar wind, which are thought to preserve the hydrogen isotopic ratio of the protosolar nebula, scientists think nebular water had an extremely light hydrogen isotopic signature — much closer to what the Baffin Island lavas suggest about the deep mantle's water.

Specifically, the GPI measurements of the ring show it must be partially opaque, implying it is far denser and more tightly compressed than similar dust found in the outskirts of our own Solar System, which is more diffuse.

Measurements of the space environment round it show that the water flowing out from the comet's nucleus forms a prominent atmosphere which interacts with the constant flow of ionised particles from the sun, the so - called solar wind.

The results, published online June 9 in Astrophysical Journal Letters, include measurements of the speed, temperature and composition of filaments of solar material streaming away from the sun — three features never measured simultaneously before.

The newly released measurements constitute a nearly continuous global record of the variability in this radiation belt for the past 16 years, including how it responds to solar storms.

Although this is the first direct measurement of supercritical fluids in nature, they are believed to be a common (if difficult to observe) phenomenon on Earth and throughout the solar system.

«It is the first time the technology has been available to make detailed, space - based measurements of both the sun and the solar wind under [the] extreme conditions» of an extended solar minimum, she says.

These STEREO observations provide the first direct measurements of the inner boundary of the heliosphere — the giant bubble sparsely filled with solar particles that surrounds the sun and all the planets.

To find out how severe such slowdowns might be, Mike Lockwood and Matt Owens at the University of Reading, UK, used the 2008 measurements to model the belt's thickness during the most extreme solar minimum on record: the Maunder Minimum (Astrophysical Journal Letters, doi.org/qrg).