Sentences with phrase «measurements over sea ice»

Over the Arctic Ocean and neighboring seas conventional temperature obser vations are often of uncertain quality, however, owing to logistical obstacles in making measurements over sea ice in harsh environmental conditions.

Not exact matches

Together with his AWI colleague Dr Stefan Hendricks, they evaluated the sea ice thickness measurements taken over the past five winters by the CyroSat - 2 satellite for their sea ice projection.

Using ICESat measurements, scientists found that overall Arctic sea ice thinned about 0.17 meters (7 inches) a year, for a total of 0.68 meters (2.2 feet) over four winters.

The graph below (high - resolution copy) shows the range of the forecasts for early September, the point when the sea ice typically reaches its minimum extent, compared to recent years and the average over the period of precise satellite measurement.

Beck interpretes the latter as the direct influence of seawater temperatures, but the measurements near the floating ice border were just average, not the lowest... Modern measurements give less than 10 ppmv difference over the seas from the coldest oceans to the tropics, including a repeat of the trips that Buch made.

Although the Arctic Ocean is typically mostly covered by ice, both the thickness and extent of summer sea ice in the Arctic have shown a dramatic decline over the past thirty years, satellite measurements have found.

From that link's words, the DMI «green line» IS the best way to consistently compare the daily estimate of NORTH areas of the arctic — those areas north of 70 latitude to 83 north latitude NASA - GISS extrapolates «surface» ground - based temperatures as far as 1200 km from where their land - based measurements were made from 60 - 70 latitude over the ever - greening (and darker) tundra and forests OUT to the open sea where where the arctic sea ice actually is present.

Many more flawed or misleading presentations of Global Warming science exist in the book, including those on Arctic sea ice thinning, correction of land - based temperature measurements for the urban heat island effect, satellite vs. ground - based measurements of Earth's warming, and controversies over sea level rise estimates.

A few groups have attempted to construct sea ice estimates for the pre-satellite era using various combinations of land, ship, submarine, buoy and aircraft measurements made over the years, e.g., the Chapman & Walsh dataset or the Zakharov dataset (Note that the server for the Zakharov dataset is not always online, so the link sometimes doesn't work).

Snow depth over sea ice data You might be surprised to find out how few data on snow depth over sea ice exists (i.e., actual observations or measurements), apart from measurements that ringed seal researchers have collected.

Onshore measurements had to be used as a proxy for on - ice snow depth, since there are no data for snow depth over sea ice on Hudson Bay.

The very small change in ocean water temperatures since sea ice measurements began in 1979 does not match with gains (or losses) in any season, not from Sept (Arctic sea ice minimum) over through winter to March - April sea ice maximums.

A combination of 33 - year satellite records, measurements made over the past century, and long - term proxy analysis suggests Arctic sea ice may be at its lowest level for more than 1,000 years.

According to scientific measurements, both the thickness and extent of summer sea ice in the Arctic have shown a dramatic decline over the past thirty years.

The effect any previous year of sea ice reflectivity or heat loss or heat gain has been lost over the previous winter, and each year's energy budget must stand alone: That sea ice was near recent all - time highs in March and April 2012 indicates that an all - time sea ice low in September can't be attributed to any particular sea ice measurement in 2011, 2010, or 1979.

Such as another fascinating paper by Don J. Easterbrook, Professor Emeritus in the Deptment of Geology at Western Washington University: «Solar Influence on Recurring Global, Decadal, Climate Cycles Recorded by Glacial Fluctuations, Ice Cores, Sea Surface Temperatures, and Historic Measurements Over the Past Millennium» — Hat tip to Anthony Watt's Watts Up with That.

Ignoring the possible increase of «methane from permafrost» with warming for now, it appears that NSIDC data tell us a) that northern hemisphere snow cover has not shown any statistical change since the 1980s, b) that Arctic sea ice has shrunk since measurements started in 1979 and c) that Antarctic sea ice has grown gradually over this period.

At the northern reaches of the globe, scientists measured an average of 3.92 million square miles of sea ice over the course of 2016, the lowest annual average since their measurements began in 1979, NOAA said.