We will not here get into the many technical problems with
measures of achievement growth — they can be significant — and we surely don't suggest that school ratings and evaluations should be based entirely on test scores, no matter how those are sliced and diced.
Not exact matches
Among the large number
of available studies
measuring developmental
achievements in relation to diet, no suggestions are ever made
of any intellectual or other neurological detriments associated with absence
of formula supplements or human milk fortifiers, even when there is slower premature infant
growth.
Therefore, Mr. Speaker, we will, through consultations inside and outside government, translate the President's «Coordinated Programme
of Economic and Social Development Policies» (CPESDP) into a detailed medium - term national development policy framework for 2018 - 2021, for fast and sustained
growth, building on the
achievements of this year and the
measures already contained in this budget.
The public release
of these ratings — which attempt to isolate a teacher's contribution to his or her students»
growth in math and English
achievement, as
measured by state tests — is one important piece
of a much bigger attempt to focus school policy on what really matters: classroom learning.
States can accomplish this by
measuring achievement via average scale scores or a performance index, and by giving substantial weight to a
measure of academic
growth for all students from one year to the next.
A credible
measure of the effectiveness
of a virtual school would compare the
achievement growth of students at that school to the performance
of students in the schools those students would have attended otherwise.
Measures of school performance based on carefully constructed comparisons
of student
achievement growth, and other important outcomes, such as high - school graduation and college enrollment rates, require student - level data that are not publicly available.
The Department
of Education has approved 15 states» requests to use «
growth models» to
measure achievement.
Similarly, because
growth measures may do a poor job
of capturing the progress
of high - achieving students, some states may want the weights assigned to
achievement and
growth to vary based on the level at which a school's students are achieving.
Paradoxically, however, the positive relationships between these self - reported
measures of non-cognitive skills and
growth in academic
achievement dissipate when the
measures are aggregated to the school level.
NCLB should be revised to make
growth the only
measure of achievement.
While TSL is calculated in each
of the case studies, there is no evidence that the
measure is correlated with overall district performance or district
growth in
achievement.
As regular readers know, I'm a big proponent
of individual - level
growth measures because they can largely control for factors that schools can not influence (prior student
achievement, the challenges
of poverty, etc.).
As noted earlier, whereas Amrein and Berliner simply compared the test scores
of 4th graders in one year with those
of a different set
of 4th graders four years later, we
measured students»
growth in
achievement between the 4th and 8th grades.
The second issue is that, although there are examples
of growth as a valued indicator
of success, too often we still use a limited view
of achievement as our
measure of success.
By way
of comparison, we can estimate the total effect a given teacher has on her students»
achievement growth; that total effect includes the practices
measured by the TES process along with everything else a teacher does.
In short, this document feels driven more by philosophy than data, relying on qualitative
measures of uncertain value while strongly de-emphasizing student
achievement in general and student
growth specifically.
Performance
measures based on the
growth in student
achievement over time, which are only possible with annual testing, provide a fairer, more accurate picture
of schools» contribution to student learning.
A good teacher is now recognized as someone whose students learn and grow, with 38 states revising their policies on educator effectiveness to include
measures of student
growth or
achievement as one
of multiple factors in teacher evaluations.
It's also crucial that any decision - making system that considers student
growth and
achievement uses them as one
of several
measures.
The framework provides a holistic assessment
of school performance based on student
growth and
achievement in grades 3 — 8; school climate
measures, including attendance and re-enrollment; and preschool classroom quality.
Reporting test - score levels will allow policymakers to clearly see absolute differences in
achievement across schools, regardless
of which
growth measure is adopted.
All states that meet federal criteria will now be allowed to take part in the U.S. Department
of Education's 2 - year - old experiment with «
growth models,» which let states
measure individual students»
achievement gains as a way
of ensuring accountability under the No Child Left Behind Act.
As noted above, student
achievement, which provides a direct
measure of later quality
of the labor force, is strongly related to economic
growth.
High school reform should include making sure that we are
measuring the relevant skills; allowing states the flexibility to design systems that produce results; using multiple
measures to assess
achievement; allowing the use
of growth models; including commonsense flexibility for students with special needs; involving educators in planning; and effectively addressing dropout rates.
Annually
measures, for all students and separately for each subgroup
of students, the following indicators: Academic
achievement (which, for high schools, may include a
measure of student
growth, at the State's discretion); for elementary and middle schools, a
measure of student
growth, if determined appropriate by the State, or another valid and reliable statewide academic indicator; for high schools, the four - year adjusted cohort graduation rate and, at the State's discretion, the extended - year adjusted cohort graduation rate; progress in achieving English language proficiency for English learners; and at least one valid, reliable, comparable, statewide indicator
of school quality or student success; and
The bill replaces AYP standards with a requirement for states to annually
measure all students and individual subgroups by: (1) academic
achievement as
measured by state assessments; (2) for high schools, graduation rates; (3) for schools that are not high schools, a
measure of student
growth or another valid and reliable statewide indicator; (4) if applicable, progress in achieving English proficiency by English learners; and (5) at least one additional valid and reliable statewide indicator that allows for meaningful differentiation in school performance.
The value - added
measures are designed to provide estimates
of the independent effect
of the teacher on the
growth in a student's learning and to separate this from other influences on
achievement such as families, peers, and neighborhoods.
The experts were looking for student
achievement and academic
growth, gaps between groups, grad rates, and
measures of college and career readiness.
After analyzing a truly staggering amount
of data, the researchers conclude that teacher effectiveness can be
measured by using «value - added» analysis
of student
achievement growth on standardized tests.
The three - year survey
of 3,000 teachers in seven school districts by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation found that the controversial method
of measuring student academic
growth, known as value - added, was a valid indicator
of whether teachers helped boost student
achievement.
Growth measures won't magically ensure that all students reach college and career readiness by the end
of high school, or close our yawning
achievement gaps.
Growth measures — like «value added» or «student growth percentiles» — are a much fairer way to evaluate schools, since they can control for prior achievement and can ascertain progress over the course of the school
Growth measures — like «value added» or «student
growth percentiles» — are a much fairer way to evaluate schools, since they can control for prior achievement and can ascertain progress over the course of the school
growth percentiles» — are a much fairer way to evaluate schools, since they can control for prior
achievement and can ascertain progress over the course
of the school year.
Most current assessments do a lousy job
of measuring academic
growth by pupils who are well above grade level because they don't contain enough «hard» questions to allow reliable measurement
of achievement growth at the high end.
That schools can score well on
growth measures even if their low - income students and / or students
of color don't close gaps in
achievement and college - and - career readiness.
Under the NCLB Extended approach, embraced by many on the education reform / civil rights Left,
achievement would continue to be
measured by proficiency rates alone (with rising annual goals for what is good enough);
growth data would be used sparingly and / or focused on «
growth to proficiency»; «other indicators
of student success or school quality» would be minimized; and evidence
of achievement gaps would sink schools» ratings significantly.
First, our finding that accountability ratings influence citizens» assessments
of their local schools coupled with the fact that citizen ratings are more strongly associated with
achievement levels than with
achievement growth suggest that featuring
growth measures more prominently in school accountability ratings could cause citizens to pay more attention to this barometer
of school quality.
The Scholars» Paradise model would use «scale scores» or a «performance index» for the «academic
achievement» indicator;
measure growth using a two - step value - added metric; pick robust «indicators
of student success or school quality,» such as chronic absenteeism; and make value added count the most in a school's final score.
The Education Trust, for example, is urging states to use caution in choosing «comparative»
growth models, including
growth percentiles and value - added
measures, because they don't tell us whether students are making enough progress to hit the college - ready target by the end
of high school, or whether low - performing subgroups are making fast enough gains to close
achievement gaps.
The year - to - year
growth in teachers» effectiveness, as
measured by student
achievement, is largest in the early years
of their careers and then quickly tapers off.
We find that observation
measures of teaching effectiveness are substantively related to student
achievement growth and that some observed teaching practices predict
achievement more than other practices.
Washington's high - risk designation specified that the State must submit, by May 1, 2014, final guidelines for teacher and principal evaluation and support systems that meet the requirements
of ESEA flexibility, including requiring local educational agencies (LEAs) to use student
achievement on CCR State assessments to
measure student learning
growth in those systems for teachers
of tested grades and subjects.
Marsh had proposed to make
measures of student
achievement growth during the school year account for up to 25 percent
of a teacher's yearly evaluation.
Do you think we should use standards
of proficiency or standards
of growth to
measure student
achievement, especially in relation to English classes which aren't as straight - forwardly graded as math classes and why?
Since it may take a couple
of years for states and districts to follow the department's urging and set up systems that will allow them to
measure teacher effectiveness based on
growth in student
achievement, she said, states should be required to show that they are making good on the language about equitable distribution
of teachers that's already in the No Child Left Behind Act.
Part
of CPS and Mayor Emanuel's Principal Quality Initiative launched last year, the award
measures school
achievement on four carefully considered metrics and recognizes leaders who guide their schools to exceptional academic
growth.
Assessments
measure areas
of achievement and needed
growth and inform daily and long - term instructional approach.
After a two - month period (40 consecutive school days) implementing this poetry lesson plan, Ms. Eikenberry found that her third graders made over a year's worth
of growth in reading
achievement as
measured by the i - Ready reading comprehension standards, while her fourth grade students made more than three - quarters
of a year's
growth.
Since joining the Association in June 2007, Eileen led the Association in notable efforts including: developing a model that
measures «value - added»
growth in
achievement, which is used for A-F rankings
of all Arizona schools; creating trainings that enable teachers and school leaders to collaboratively use data; launching joint purchasing programs; filing lawsuits for equitable funding for all K - 12 students; increasing positive public perceptions
of charters; and, building a comprehensive program to support prospective charter school operators.
If passed, this will take what was the state's teacher evaluation system requirement that 20 %
of an educator's evaluation be based on «locally selected
measures of achievement,» to a system whereas teachers» value - added as based on
growth on the state's (Common Core) standardized test scores will be set at 50 %.