Lamm and his group recently sought the answer to answer this question by combining
measures of electrical activity in the brain (via electroencephalogram) with functional magnetic resonance imaging to show blood flow patterns in 25 participants getting rounds of shocks on their hands.
Not exact matches
Their research technique
of measuring electrical brain activity using an electroencephalogram (EEG)
in these
brain regions also predicted mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a condition that is likely to develop into Alzheimer's, with 80 per cent accuracy.
The team examined the brainwave patterns
of 36 infants (17
in the first experiment and 19
in the second) using electroencephalography (EEG), which
measures patterns
of brain electrical activity via electrodes
in a skull cap worn by the participants.
The EPOC detects
brain activity noninvasively using electroencephalography (EEG), a
measure of brain waves, via external sensors along the scalp that pick up the
electrical bustle
in various parts
of the furrowed surface
of the
brain's cortex, a region that handles higher order thoughts.
To go further, the pair started combining their electrode recordings
of individual neurons with readings from an intracranial EEG, which
measures overall
electrical activity in a larger area
of the
brain.
Two techniques used
in adults — functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which can
measure blood flow; and electroencephalography (EEG), which
measures electrical activity in the outer layers
of the
brain — have their drawbacks.
Scientists built miniature devices to
measure avian head movement,
brain electrical activity and GPS location, and they attached them — almost like hats and backpacks — to great frigatebirds
of the Galapagos Islands
in Ecuador.
«We
measured the
electrical activity of groups
of nerve cells within the subthalamic nucleus
in patients with Parkinson's disease, who had recently been treated with deep
brain stimulation.
«
Measures of electrical brain activity found that the hormone progesterone influences sleep, even at this late reproductive stage
in perimenopausal women.»
Just three to five minutes spent looking at views dominated by trees, flowers or water can begin to reduce anger, anxiety and pain and to induce relaxation, according to various studies
of healthy people that
measured physiological changes
in blood pressure, muscle tension, or heart and
brain electrical activity.
Previous studies have shown that when a typically developing 20 - month - old child hears a word that she doesn't know, a characteristic uptick
in brain waves
in the left hemisphere
of the
brain can be detected through electroencephalography (EEG), a noninvasive method
of measuring the
brain's
electrical activity.
To compare hearing ability
in former musicians to people who never played an instrument, researchers
measured the
electrical brain activity produced by a type
of auditory processing called «neural timing,» which enables people to respond to split - second changes
in sound such as the transition from a consonant to a vowel.
Through electroencephalography (EEG)-- a non-invasive procedure that analyses
electrical activity in the
brain — the scientists
measured the movement
of their brainwaves simultaneously and confirmed that their oscillations took place at the same time.
Monkeys typically find other monkeys impossible to ignore, and this experiment was no exception: the monkeys often failed at the reward task because they looked at the faces, especially if the faces depicted emotion.When humans are torn between paying attention to two different things, it triggers a «conflict» circuit
in a
brain region called the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) which is part
of a larger
brain structure controlling rational thought and emotions.Using a tiny sensor implanted
in the dACCs
of the monkeys, Platt's group was able to
measure the
electrical activity of single neurons.
Simultaneously, we will use several electronic
brain implants that can
measure the
electrical activity of over a hundred neurons
in the monkey's hippocampus and entorhinal cortex.
Across 21st Avenue,
in the department
of special education at Peabody College, Paul Yoder has applied event - related potential (ERP), a way
of measuring how the
electrical activity of the
brain changes
in response to thoughts or perceptions, to evaluate ways to help children overcome language delays.
Other proteins allow researchers to
measure electrical or biochemical
activity, while yet others can activate or inhibit specific kinds
of cells
in the
brain in real time.
ACT - activated clotting time (bleeding disorders) ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenal gland function) Ag - antigen test for proteins specific to a disease causing organism or virus Alb - albumin (liver, kidney and intestinal disorders) Alk - Phos, ALP alkaline phosphatase (liver and adrenal disorders) Allergy Testing intradermal or blood antibody test for allergen hypersensitivity ALT - alanine aminotransferase (liver disorder) Amyl - amylase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) ANA - antinuclear antibody (systemic lupus erythematosus) Anaplasmosis Anaplasma spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) APTT - activated partial thromboplastin time (blood clotting ability) AST - aspartate aminotransferase (muscle and liver disorders) Band band cell — type
of white blood cell Baso basophil — type
of white blood cell Bile Acids digestive acids produced
in the liver and stored
in the gall bladder (liver function) Bili bilirubin (bile pigment responsible for jaundice from liver disease or RBC destruction) BP - blood pressure measurement BUN - blood urea nitrogen (kidney and liver function) Bx biopsy C & S aerobic / anaerobic bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test (infection, drug selection) Ca +2 calcium ion — unbound calcium (parathyroid gland function) CBC - complete blood count (all circulating cells) Chol cholesterol (liver, thyroid disorders) CK, CPK creatine [phospho] kinase (muscle disease, heart disease) Cl - chloride ion — unbound chloride (hydration, blood pH) CO2 - carbon dioxide (blood pH) Contrast Radiograph x-ray image using injected radiopaque contrast media Cortisol hormone produced by the adrenal glands (adrenal gland function) Coomb's anti- red blood cell antibody test (immune - mediated hemolytic anemia) Crea creatinine (kidney function) CRT - capillary refill time (blood pressure, tissue perfusion) DTM - dermatophyte test medium (ringworm — dermatophytosis) EEG - electroencephalogram (
brain function, epilepsy) Ehrlichia Ehrlichia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) EKG, ECG - electrok [c] ardiogram (
electrical heart
activity, heart arryhthmia) Eos eosinophil — type
of white blood cell Fecal, flotation, direct intestinal parasite exam FeLV Feline Leukemia Virus test FIA Feline Infectious Anemia: aka Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasma, Haemobartonella felis test FIV Feline Immunodeficiency Virus test Fluorescein Stain fluorescein stain uptake
of cornea (corneal ulceration) fT4, fT4ed, freeT4ed thyroxine hormone unbound by protein
measured by equilibrium dialysis (thyroid function) GGT gamma - glutamyltranferase (liver disorders) Glob globulin (liver, immune system) Glu blood or urine glucose (diabetes mellitus) Gran granulocytes — subgroup
of white blood cells Hb, Hgb hemoglobin — iron rich protein bound to red blood cells that carries oxygen (anemia, red cell mass) HCO3 - bicarbonate ion (blood pH) HCT, PCV, MHCT hematocrit, packed - cell volume, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) K + potassium ion — unbound potassium (kidney disorders, adrenal gland disorders) Lipa lipase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) LYME Borrelia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) Lymph lymphocyte — type
of white blood cell MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (anemia, iron deficiency) MCV mean corpuscular volume — average red cell size (anemia, iron deficiency) Mg +2 magnesium ion — unbound magnesium (diabetes, parathyroid function, malnutrition) MHCT, HCT, PCV microhematocrit, hematocrit, packed - cell volume (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) MIC minimum inhibitory concentration — part
of the C&S that determines antimicrobial selection Mono monocyte — type
of white blood cell MRI magnetic resonance imaging (advanced tissue imaging) Na + sodium ion — unbound sodium (dehydration, adrenal gland disease) nRBC nucleated red blood cell — immature red blood cell (bone marrow damage, lead toxicity) PCV, HCT, MHCT packed - cell volume, hematocrit, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) PE physical examination pH urine pH (urinary tract infection, urolithiasis) Phos phosphorus (kidney disorders, ketoacidosis, parathyroid function) PLI pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (pancreatitis) PLT platelet — cells involved
in clotting (bleeding disorders) PT prothrombin time (bleeding disorders) PTH parathyroid hormone, parathormone (parathyroid function) Radiograph x-ray image RBC red blood cell count (anemia) REL Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever / Ehrlichia / Lyme combination test Retic reticulocyte — immature red blood cell (regenerative vs. non-regenerative anemia) RMSF Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever SAP serum alkaline phosphatase (liver disorders) Schirmer Tear Test tear production test (keratoconjunctivitis sicca — dry eye,) Seg segmented neutrophil — type
of white blood cell USG Urine specific gravity (urine concentration, kidney function) spec cPL specific canine pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test spec fPL specific feline pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test T4 thyroxine hormone — total (thyroid gland function) TLI trypsin - like immunoreactivity (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency) TP total protein (hydration, liver disorders) TPR temperature / pulse / respirations (physical exam vital signs) Trig triglycerides (fat metabolism, liver disorders) TSH thyroid stimulating hormone (thyroid gland function) UA urinalysis (kidney function, urinary tract infection, diabetes) Urine Cortisol - Crea Ratio urine cortisol - creatine ratio (screening test for adrenal gland disease) Urine Protein - Crea Ratio urine protein - creatinine ratio (kidney disorders) VWF VonWillebrands factor (bleeding disorder) WBC white blood cell count (infection, inflammation, bone marrow suppression)
Briefly, the 128 - channel Geodesic Sensor Nets connected to a DC - coupled amplifier (Net Amp 300,
Electrical Geodesic Inc.) were used to
measure brain activity during 40 min
of a passive auditory oddball task
in infants at 6 months and 18 months
of age.