States increasingly are interested in incorporating
measures of student achievement growth in teacher evaluations.
Requiring regular evaluations of teachers using multiple measures based on clear standards for effective practice,
measures of student achievement growth, and other measures such as observations and lesson plans or other artifacts of practice.
The meaning of this term is never explained, and the most likely way to meet the vague requirement was to assign large or significant weight — 50 percent in some cases — to
measures of student achievement growth, such as value - added.
Marsh had proposed to make
measures of student achievement growth during the school year account for up to 25 percent of a teacher's yearly evaluation.
Not exact matches
The public release
of these ratings — which attempt to isolate a teacher's contribution to his or her
students»
growth in math and English
achievement, as
measured by state tests — is one important piece
of a much bigger attempt to focus school policy on what really matters: classroom learning.
States can accomplish this by
measuring achievement via average scale scores or a performance index, and by giving substantial weight to a
measure of academic
growth for all
students from one year to the next.
A credible
measure of the effectiveness
of a virtual school would compare the
achievement growth of students at that school to the performance
of students in the schools those
students would have attended otherwise.
Measures of school performance based on carefully constructed comparisons
of student achievement growth, and other important outcomes, such as high - school graduation and college enrollment rates, require
student - level data that are not publicly available.
Similarly, because
growth measures may do a poor job
of capturing the progress
of high - achieving
students, some states may want the weights assigned to
achievement and
growth to vary based on the level at which a school's
students are achieving.
As regular readers know, I'm a big proponent
of individual - level
growth measures because they can largely control for factors that schools can not influence (prior
student achievement, the challenges
of poverty, etc.).
As noted earlier, whereas Amrein and Berliner simply compared the test scores
of 4th graders in one year with those
of a different set
of 4th graders four years later, we
measured students»
growth in
achievement between the 4th and 8th grades.
By way
of comparison, we can estimate the total effect a given teacher has on her
students»
achievement growth; that total effect includes the practices
measured by the TES process along with everything else a teacher does.
In short, this document feels driven more by philosophy than data, relying on qualitative
measures of uncertain value while strongly de-emphasizing
student achievement in general and
student growth specifically.
Performance
measures based on the
growth in
student achievement over time, which are only possible with annual testing, provide a fairer, more accurate picture
of schools» contribution to
student learning.
A good teacher is now recognized as someone whose
students learn and grow, with 38 states revising their policies on educator effectiveness to include
measures of student growth or
achievement as one
of multiple factors in teacher evaluations.
It's also crucial that any decision - making system that considers
student growth and
achievement uses them as one
of several
measures.
The framework provides a holistic assessment
of school performance based on
student growth and
achievement in grades 3 — 8; school climate
measures, including attendance and re-enrollment; and preschool classroom quality.
All states that meet federal criteria will now be allowed to take part in the U.S. Department
of Education's 2 - year - old experiment with «
growth models,» which let states
measure individual
students»
achievement gains as a way
of ensuring accountability under the No Child Left Behind Act.
As noted above,
student achievement, which provides a direct
measure of later quality
of the labor force, is strongly related to economic
growth.
High school reform should include making sure that we are
measuring the relevant skills; allowing states the flexibility to design systems that produce results; using multiple
measures to assess
achievement; allowing the use
of growth models; including commonsense flexibility for
students with special needs; involving educators in planning; and effectively addressing dropout rates.
Annually
measures, for all
students and separately for each subgroup
of students, the following indicators: Academic
achievement (which, for high schools, may include a
measure of student growth, at the State's discretion); for elementary and middle schools, a
measure of student growth, if determined appropriate by the State, or another valid and reliable statewide academic indicator; for high schools, the four - year adjusted cohort graduation rate and, at the State's discretion, the extended - year adjusted cohort graduation rate; progress in achieving English language proficiency for English learners; and at least one valid, reliable, comparable, statewide indicator
of school quality or
student success; and
The bill replaces AYP standards with a requirement for states to annually
measure all
students and individual subgroups by: (1) academic
achievement as
measured by state assessments; (2) for high schools, graduation rates; (3) for schools that are not high schools, a
measure of student growth or another valid and reliable statewide indicator; (4) if applicable, progress in achieving English proficiency by English learners; and (5) at least one additional valid and reliable statewide indicator that allows for meaningful differentiation in school performance.
The value - added
measures are designed to provide estimates
of the independent effect
of the teacher on the
growth in a
student's learning and to separate this from other influences on
achievement such as families, peers, and neighborhoods.
The experts were looking for
student achievement and academic
growth, gaps between groups, grad rates, and
measures of college and career readiness.
After analyzing a truly staggering amount
of data, the researchers conclude that teacher effectiveness can be
measured by using «value - added» analysis
of student achievement growth on standardized tests.
The three - year survey
of 3,000 teachers in seven school districts by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation found that the controversial method
of measuring student academic
growth, known as value - added, was a valid indicator
of whether teachers helped boost
student achievement.
Growth measures won't magically ensure that all
students reach college and career readiness by the end
of high school, or close our yawning
achievement gaps.
Growth measures — like «value added» or «student growth percentiles» — are a much fairer way to evaluate schools, since they can control for prior achievement and can ascertain progress over the course of the school
Growth measures — like «value added» or «
student growth percentiles» — are a much fairer way to evaluate schools, since they can control for prior achievement and can ascertain progress over the course of the school
growth percentiles» — are a much fairer way to evaluate schools, since they can control for prior
achievement and can ascertain progress over the course
of the school year.
That schools can score well on
growth measures even if their low - income
students and / or
students of color don't close gaps in
achievement and college - and - career readiness.
Under the NCLB Extended approach, embraced by many on the education reform / civil rights Left,
achievement would continue to be
measured by proficiency rates alone (with rising annual goals for what is good enough);
growth data would be used sparingly and / or focused on «
growth to proficiency»; «other indicators
of student success or school quality» would be minimized; and evidence
of achievement gaps would sink schools» ratings significantly.
The Scholars» Paradise model would use «scale scores» or a «performance index» for the «academic
achievement» indicator;
measure growth using a two - step value - added metric; pick robust «indicators
of student success or school quality,» such as chronic absenteeism; and make value added count the most in a school's final score.
The Education Trust, for example, is urging states to use caution in choosing «comparative»
growth models, including
growth percentiles and value - added
measures, because they don't tell us whether
students are making enough progress to hit the college - ready target by the end
of high school, or whether low - performing subgroups are making fast enough gains to close
achievement gaps.
The year - to - year
growth in teachers» effectiveness, as
measured by
student achievement, is largest in the early years
of their careers and then quickly tapers off.
We find that observation
measures of teaching effectiveness are substantively related to
student achievement growth and that some observed teaching practices predict
achievement more than other practices.
Washington's high - risk designation specified that the State must submit, by May 1, 2014, final guidelines for teacher and principal evaluation and support systems that meet the requirements
of ESEA flexibility, including requiring local educational agencies (LEAs) to use
student achievement on CCR State assessments to
measure student learning
growth in those systems for teachers
of tested grades and subjects.
Do you think we should use standards
of proficiency or standards
of growth to
measure student achievement, especially in relation to English classes which aren't as straight - forwardly graded as math classes and why?
Since it may take a couple
of years for states and districts to follow the department's urging and set up systems that will allow them to
measure teacher effectiveness based on
growth in
student achievement, she said, states should be required to show that they are making good on the language about equitable distribution
of teachers that's already in the No Child Left Behind Act.
After a two - month period (40 consecutive school days) implementing this poetry lesson plan, Ms. Eikenberry found that her third graders made over a year's worth
of growth in reading
achievement as
measured by the i - Ready reading comprehension standards, while her fourth grade
students made more than three - quarters
of a year's
growth.
Since joining the Association in June 2007, Eileen led the Association in notable efforts including: developing a model that
measures «value - added»
growth in
achievement, which is used for A-F rankings
of all Arizona schools; creating trainings that enable teachers and school leaders to collaboratively use data; launching joint purchasing programs; filing lawsuits for equitable funding for all K - 12
students; increasing positive public perceptions
of charters; and, building a comprehensive program to support prospective charter school operators.
Among other issues, researchers have considered which scaling properties are necessary for
measuring growth (see, for example, here), whether the tests» scale properties met the assumptions
of the statistical models being used (see, for example, here), if
growth in
student achievement is scale dependent (see, for example, here), and even if tests that were vertically scaled could meet the assumptions required by regression - based models (see, for example, here).
Within 60 days, Superintendent Huppenthal and the Arizona Department
of Education (ADE) must: (1) finalize its teacher and principal evaluation guidelines; (2) give sufficient weighting to
student growth so as to differentiate between teachers / principals who have contributed to more / less
growth in
student learning and
achievement; (3) ensure that shared attribution
of growth does not mask high or low performing teachers as
measured by
growth; and (4) guarantee that all
of this is done in time for schools to be prepared to implement for the 2014 - 2015 school year.
More encouragingly, in Pennsylvania we found that the state's
measure of principals» professional practice produced ratings that were correlated with our best estimate
of the principals» contributions to
student achievement growth.
(This pertained to the subset
of principals for whom it was possible to produce a credible
measure of their contributions to
student achievement growth, because we could observe different principals in the same school in different years.)
Summative, or end -
of - year tests,
measure student achievement and
growth in English and math in grades 3 — 8 and high school.
Student Growth Percentile (SGP) scores, reported in Star Assessments, compare each student's growth to that of his or her academic peers nationwide and provide a measure of each student's achiev
Student Growth Percentile (SGP) scores, reported in Star Assessments, compare each student's growth to that of his or her academic peers nationwide and provide a measure of each student's achieve
Growth Percentile (SGP) scores, reported in Star Assessments, compare each
student's growth to that of his or her academic peers nationwide and provide a measure of each student's achiev
student's
growth to that of his or her academic peers nationwide and provide a measure of each student's achieve
growth to that
of his or her academic peers nationwide and provide a
measure of each
student's achiev
student's
achievements.
Sanders thought that educators struggling with
student achievement in the state should «simply» use more advanced statistics, similar to those used when modeling genetic and reproductive trends among cattle, to
measure growth, hold teachers accountable for that
growth, and solve the educational measurement woes facing the state
of Tennessee at the time.
Student achievement measures for courses associated with statewide assessments may be used only if a statewide
growth formula has not been approved for that assessment or, for courses associated with school district assessments, if
achievement is demonstrated to be a more appropriate
measure of teacher performance.
Despite some concerns about high - stakes uses
of the
measures, there is strong evidence that they provide important information about teachers» effectiveness in promoting
student achievement growth.
In terms
of student achievement measures, Leticia Barrera
of the Logan Square Neighborhood Association promoted a more diverse set
of assessment tools, while Carlos Azcoitia
of the Chicago Board
of Education called for greater accountability based on
growth.
It implemented a performance - based compensation system combining
student growth and
achievement measures with 23
measures of school effectiveness, such as positive school culture, effective parent engagement, and teacher leadership.