Paul Nurse (voice over): Tree rings have been shown to be a good way of
measuring ancient temperatures, and they've mostly matched instrumental measurements since the advent of thermometers.
Not exact matches
NASA's WMAP satellite
measured the
temperature of this
ancient light, revealing fluctuations in the density of matter in the very early universe.
In carbon dioxide, for example, these multiple isotopes are found more often than expected — a phenomenon called clumping — which leads to a powerful tool for
measuring the
temperatures at which the molecules formed, now and in the
ancient past.
By
measuring the bonds of prehistoric alkenones preserved in
ancient layers of lake sediment, the team opened a window on Arctic
temperature change since the end of the last Ice Age.
The point being that these very
ancient discrepancies exist but, as noted in the post (follow the «controversial» link) the correlation with CRF over geological time with
temperature as
measured by proxy data has not been established.
The linear trend line is now at +1.06 °C, which is perhaps the best
temperature to compare to paleoclimate
temperatures, because the latter are «centennially - smoothed,» i.e., the proxy
measures of
ancient temperature typically have a resolution not better than 100 years.
Because we didn't have a systematic global set of thermometer measurements before the 1880s, scientists look at other things they can
measure — sediment deposits, or tree ring growth in certain
ancient, slow - growing trees — which tend to vary along with
temperature.
The study, led by Michael E. Mann, a climatologist now at Pennsylvania State University, was the first to estimate widespread climate trends by stitching together a grab bag of evidence, including variations in
ancient tree rings and
temperatures measured in deep holes in the earth.