Using core samples of the seabed in three locations, the scientists
measured the isotopic ratio of nitrogen - 15 to nitrogen - 14 in the organic matter therein; the ratio can be used to estimate the extent of anoxia in these OMZs.
Within these archives, scientists can
measure the isotopic ratios of oxygen and hydrogen to deduce changes over time in the isotopic composition of environmental waters, such as precipitation, seawater, and groundwater.
Which is ludicrous in the context of CO2, since we can
measure isotopic ratio changes (indicating the change in old carbon versus fresh carbon) and have good accounting for human inputs to the system versus sources and sinks.
Not exact matches
Problems remain in the interpretation of the
measured Pb
isotopic ratios to transform them into ages.
His point three is not about whether the current concentrations of CO2 are human - produced (as you say, the
isotopic ratios seem conclusive), but how much of the
measured warming is due to CO2 concentrations.
Because the different isotope
ratios for the two kinds of plants propagate through the food chain, it is possible determine if the principal diet of a human or other animal consists primarily of C3 plants or C4 plants by
measuring the
isotopic signature of their collagen and other tissues.