Sentences with phrase «measuring ocean changes»

How does using seals compare with traditional methods of measuring ocean changes?

Not exact matches

The Aquarius instrument will measure the ocean's salinity in a bid to better understand the global water cycle — and climate change

Researchers can measure annual changes in how the melt rate occurs, for example, or the effects of a single pulse of warm deep - ocean water.

• In an editorial, Science Editor - in - Chief Marcia McNutt bemoans the pace of exploration of ocean ecosystems, which she says is «woefully inadequate» to establish a first - order baseline against which rapid changes can be measured.

Researchers endowed the observatory's six nodes with instruments that measure the ocean's changing temperature and chemistry, cameras that spy underwater creatures, hydrophones that listen to passing whales and seismometers and tsunami detectors that measure hazards as they happen.

Timothy Lyons at the University of California, Riverside, and colleagues have worked out how phosphate levels changed in Earth's oceans over the last 3 billion years by measuring the relative amounts of phosphorus in 700 samples from various rock formations around the world.

The plan is to drop sensors into the surrounding ocean to measure water temperatures, then skim the ice for signs of changes in surface height.

Earth System Threshold Measure Boundary Current Level Preindustrial Climate Change CO2 Concentration 350 ppm 387 ppm 280 ppm Biodiversity Loss Extinction Rate 10 pm > 100 pm * 0.1 - one pm Nitrogen Cycle N2 Tonnage 35 mmt ** 121 mmt 0 Phosphorous Cycle Level in Ocean 11 mmt 8.5 - 9.5 mmt — 1 mmt Ozone Layer O3 Concentration 276 DU # 283 DU 290 DU Ocean Acidification Aragonite ^ ^ Levels 2.75 2.90 3.44 Freshwater Usage Consumption 4,000 km3 ^ 2,600 km3 415 km3 Land Use Change Cropland Conversion 15 km3 11.7 km3 Low Aerosols Soot Concentration TBD TBD TBD Chemical Pollution TBD TBD TBD TBD * pm = per million ** mmt = millions of metric tons #DU = dobson unit ^ km3 = cubic kilometers ^ ^ Aragonite is a form of calcium carbonate.

Imagery in the ocean is becoming increasingly important in terms of data that scientists need to measure multiple physical and biological changes occurring underwater.

Researchers do believe that climate change contributes to more thawing of the ocean floor permafrost in the Arctic because they have measured increases in seafloor temperatures in recent years.

Chris Perry, Professor of Geography in the College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and his team measured changes to 28 reefs across the Chagos Archipelago, the remote British Indian Ocean Territory 300 miles south of the Maldives, that lost 90 per cent of its coral cover during 1998, when sea temperatures rose to unprecedented levels.

NASA will launch a scientific instrument into space next month to measure the salt content of the world's oceans, information that could help confirm scientists» suspicions that climate change is accelerating the world's water cycle.

We will measure how fast the streams flow, how turbulent they are, and how they respond to changes in winds over the Southern Ocean.

WHITEHOUSE: I do come from an ocean state, and we do measure the rise in the sea level and we measure the warming of Narragansett Bay and we measure the change in PH. It's serious for us, Senator.

This is an important finding because current estimates of biological activity in surface waters of the ocean rely on instruments aboard satellites that measure the color of the sea surface, which changes along with levels of chlorophyll - a, an assessment that will miss blooms of other organisms, such as bacteria.

The cruise was part of the international GEOTRACES program, which aims to measure chemical tracers in the world's ocean to understand ocean circulation and provide a baseline to assess future chemical changes in the oceans.

A new prize aims to change that by offering a $ 1 - million reward to inventors who can devise a cheaper and more accurate test of ocean acidity, which is measured in pH, a gauge of the concentration of ions in a solution.

It is the policy of the Federal Government, in cooperation with State and local governments, Indian tribes, and other interested stakeholders to use all practicable means and measures to protect, restore, and conserve natural resources to enable them to become more resilient, adapt to, and withstand the impacts of climate change and ocean acidification.

(E) establishes performance measures for assessing the effectiveness of adaptation strategies intended to improve resilience and the ability of natural resources in the coastal zone to adapt to and withstand the impacts of climate change and ocean acidification and of adaptation strategies intended to minimize those impacts on the coastal zone and to update those strategies to respond to new information or changing conditions; and

(C) mitigate the destructive impact of ocean - related climate change effects, including effects on bays, estuaries, populated barrier islands and other ocean - related features, through a variety of means and measures, including the construction of jetties, levies, and other coastal structures in densely populated coastal areas impacted by climate change.

The most important bias globally was the modification in measured sea surface temperatures associated with the change from ships throwing a bucket over the side, bringing some ocean water on deck, and putting a thermometer in it, to reading the thermometer in the engine coolant water intake.

The 2007 Medwin Prize in Acoustical Oceanography was awarded to Brian Dushaw of the University of Washington, Applied Physical Laboratory, Seattle, for his research on acoustic tomography to measure temperature change in the ocean.

«This method is a radically new way to measure change in total ocean heat,» said Severinghaus.

Gregory et al. (2002) used observed interior - ocean temperature changes, surface temperature changes measured since 1860, and estimates of anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing of the climate system to estimate its climate sensitivity.

Nations of the world have launched a cooperative program to measure changing ocean heat content, distributing more than 3000 Argo floats around the world ocean, with each float repeatedly diving to a depth of 2 km and back [66].

The most promising approach is to measure the rate of changing heat content of the ocean, atmosphere, land, and ice [64].

In addition, since the global surface temperature records are a measure that responds to albedo changes (volcanic aerosols, cloud cover, land use, snow and ice cover) solar output, and differences in partition of various forcings into the oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect of CO2 + water vapor over the short term is difficult to impossible.

Intuitively it seems to me that measuring the temperature at a large number of points in the oceans is the most reliable way of assessing temperature change.

Given those assumptions, looking at the forcing over a long - enough multi-decadal period and seeing the temperature response gives an estimate of the transient climate response (TCR) and, additionally if an estimate of the ocean heat content change is incorporated (which is a measure of the unrealised radiative imbalance), the ECS can be estimated too.

The key points of the paper are that: i) model simulations with 20th century forcings are able to match the surface air temperature record, ii) they also match the measured changes of ocean heat content over the last decade, iii) the implied planetary imbalance (the amount of excess energy the Earth is currently absorbing) which is roughly equal to the ocean heat uptake, is significant and growing, and iv) this implies both that there is significant heating «in the pipeline», and that there is an important lag in the climate's full response to changes in the forcing.

The researchers, from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and University of Hawaii, said they have measured similar changes in the Indian Ocean, but with a less measurable trend.

But their findings, if potential intensity is a valid marker for hurricane activity is any measure, are quite clear: hurricane activity isnt going to change much even with 3C warming in the oceans.

Changes in deep ocean circulation are measured in multiple Sv.

The chart shows that starting in the late 1940's, we have been able to measure the heat content of the top 2000 meters of ocean accurately enough so that annual changes in ocean heat content of less than 1e22 joules can be detected and tracked.

So the researchers used monthly data from the satellite mission GRACE, or the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, which measures components in the Earth's mass system such as ocean currents, earthquake - induced changes and melting ice.

Sea level change based on satellite altimetry is measured with respect to the Earth's centre of mass, and thus is not distorted by land motions, except for a small component due to large - scale deformation of ocean basins from GIA.

Changes in ocean color — a measure of phytoplankton mass — detected from space allowed researchers to calculate their photosynthetic rates and correlate these changes to the cChanges in ocean color — a measure of phytoplankton mass — detected from space allowed researchers to calculate their photosynthetic rates and correlate these changes to the cchanges to the climate.

Cazenave, A., D. P. Chambers, P. Cipollini, L. L. Fu, J. W. Hurell, M. Merrifield, R. S. Nerem, H. P. Plag, C. K. Shum, and J. Willis, 2010: The challenge of measuring sea level rise and regional and global trends, Geodetic observations of ocean surface topography, ocean currents, ocean mass, and ocean volume changes.

«If you want to measure climate change you need to have precise information about the total energy of the planet and most of that is stored in the ocean,» said Smith.

Instead, they discuss new ways of playing around with the aerosol judge factor needed to explain why 20th - century warming is about half of the warming expected for increased in GHGs; and then expand their list of fudge factors to include smaller volcanos, stratospheric water vapor (published with no estimate of uncertainty for the predicted change in Ts), transfer of heat to the deeper ocean (where changes in heat content are hard to accurately measure), etc..

OHC may be one of the best measures of the top of atmosphere imbalance available - averaged over long time periods, global, representing (for the full depth of the oceans) ~ 93 % of the energy changes.

The «warming» of the troposphere as measured by sensible heat is only one very small part of the energy in the overall climate system, and the part with the very lowest thermal inertia and very sensitive to very small changes in ocean to atmosphere sensible and latent heat flux such as we see in the ENSO cycle.

Is anyone measuring changes, if any, of the plates under the oceans?

Temperatures measured by the ARGO floats and the XBTs before them are rising in the raw data, and the ocean heat content (OHC) is simply observed temperature change scaled by the thermal mass of the ocean layer in question - not some kind of complex model.

As acids go, H2CO3 is relatively innocuous — we drink it all the time in Coke and other carbonated beverages — but in sufficient quantities it can change the water's pH. Already, humans have pumped enough carbon into the oceans — some hundred and twenty billion tons — to produce a.1 decline in surface pH. Since pH, like the Richter scale, is a logarithmic measure, a.1 drop represents a rise in acidity of about thirty per cent.

That happens in short time periods like seasonal variations and can be measured as a change in pCO2 of the oceans, relative to the pCO2 of the atmosphere.

Sea surface temperature (SST) measured from Earth Observation Satellites in considerable spatial detail and at high frequency, is increasingly required for use in the context of operational monitoring and forecasting of the ocean, for assimilation into coupled ocean - atmosphere model systems and for applications in short - term numerical weather prediction and longer term climate change detection.

However, in all the recent WUWT posts (Willis's and Nic Lewis's) they seem to use measured changes in forcing (\ Delta F) and measured changes in ocean heating rate (\ Delta Q).

Of course, land and ocean temperature is only one way to measure the effects of climate change.

This is the big enchilada, and as far as measuring oceans goes, everything changed in 2003 when we finally got the ARGO system, and that's why it's worth a closer look now.