Sentences with phrase «measuring surface air»

Either fix them or admit, as RSS has done, they are not accurate at measuring the surface air temperature.

RSS says the thermometers are more accurate at measuring the surface air temperature.

Plus the satellite record is not measuring surface air temperature which is the key variable that people are trying to reconstruct.

They had a way to measure the surface air temperature.

Hansen, J.E., and S. Lebedeff, 1987: Global trends of measured surface air temperature.

[4] Hansen, J.E., and S. Lebedeff, 1987: Global trends of measured surface air temperature.

Yes, it is amazing they allowed the satellites that measured the surface air temperature to fall out of the sky after the Medieval Warm Period, and then the corrupt dummies put up satellites in 1978 that don't even know how to measure the surface air temperature.

Not exact matches

In addition to temperature, wind, and solar radiation data, the Pacific saildrones are measuring how the ocean and air exchange gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen, and they are using Doppler instruments to gauge currents coursing up to 100 meters below the surface.

While weather stations typically measure air temperatures just above the surface, satellites record the thermal energy emitted by soil, rock, pavement, grass, trees and other features of the landscape.

According to Plank, the team is now planning to functionalize nanoscopic surfaces with the aim of developing very specialized nano sensors that can be integrated in a mobile telephone and are capable of measuring not just the humidity of the air, but also the CO or sulphur content.

Using the aerial laser scanning technology lidar, she and her team precisely measured distances between the surface of the ground and a reference point in the air, revealing detailed outlines of areas where human activity had most likely disrupted the soil.

Above a certain speed — measured by a parameter called the Reynolds number, which accounts for ball's size and the air's viscosity — the air on the surface of the ball itself becomes turbulent.

His team measures surface temperature as opposed to the usual air temperature metric, two meters above.

For their paper, published in Applied Geography, researchers at the Earth Institute at Columbia University and Battelle Memorial Institute studied air temperature data from weather stations, land surface temperatures measured by satellites and socioeconomic data.

Because ozone in the troposphere is a precursor to OH, they deployed weather balloons equipped with measuring devices known as sondes to measure the amount of ozone in the air from the surface to the stratosphere.

The quality of the data set is enhanced by the possibility to combine the information from two different detectors: the particle density at the ground is measured with a surface array of water Cherenkov detectors whereas the longitudinal development of the air showers is observed with fluorescence telescopes during dark clear nights.

Climate sensitivity is a measure of the equilibrium global surface air temperature change for a particular forcing.

I found problems with the data including: ««⠉ NOAA buoys measuring near - to - sea - surface air temperature — e.g. inadequate shielding of direct solar heating ««⠉ ship - based sea surface temperature — e.g. variable points in cooling systems for diesel versus steam ship propulsion

On bumpier surfaces, there is no hiding the unsprung weight of the large, heavy wheels and tires, but good damping and a five - link mounting system with coil springs tames the live rear axle, and the large truck tires add a measure of air damping.

The Apple iPad Air, which came in second after the Kindle Fire HDX 8.9, remains a Very Good Tablet display, however, the Surface Pro 3 is more accurately calibrated than the Apple iPad Air, with the best Absolute Color Accuracy that we have ever measured.

The measured Screen Reflectance for the Surface Pro 4 is 5.6 percent, which is Very Good and lower than most other Tablets and Smartphones, but also much higher than the iPad Air 2, which has an Anti-Reflection coating that provides 2.5 percent Reflectance.

On Geekbench 3, a synthetic benchmark that measures overall performance, the Note Pro 12.2 scored 2,595, well above the 1,830 category average but below the Nvidia Tegra 4 - powered ASUS Transformer Pad TF701T (2,712), the A7 - powered Apple iPad Air (2,694) and the Core i5 - powered Microsoft Surface Pro 2 (5,138).

The Surface measures roughly 7 by 11 by 0.37 inches (HWD), making it smaller than the Apple MacBook Air 11 - inch, but a smidge longer than the current Apple iPad.

On Geekbench 3, a synthetic benchmark that measures overall performance, the Surface 3 scored a solid 3,351, which is well above the tablet category average (2,404) but lower than the Intel Core M 5Y10 - powered T300 Chi (4,319), the A8X - powered iPad Air 2 (4,547) and the Core i5 - 4300U - powered Surface Pro 3 (5,665).

Maybe one could add instead: «This downward radiation from greenhouse gases (and some fine solid air particles («aerosols») e.g. can be measured at the surface in nights with clear sky and no other radiation sources in the atmosphere (e.g. Philipona and Dürr 2004 doi / 10.1029 / 2004GL020937).

There is a difference between peaks and valleys in noisy processes (1998 surface air temperature, 2007 record minimum ice, or shipping at a few small areas on the edges of the Arctic ocean) and CO2 forcing driven trends, especially when different measures.

Climate sensitivity is a measure of the equilibrium global surface air temperature change for a particular forcing.

The key points of the paper are that: i) model simulations with 20th century forcings are able to match the surface air temperature record, ii) they also match the measured changes of ocean heat content over the last decade, iii) the implied planetary imbalance (the amount of excess energy the Earth is currently absorbing) which is roughly equal to the ocean heat uptake, is significant and growing, and iv) this implies both that there is significant heating «in the pipeline», and that there is an important lag in the climate's full response to changes in the forcing.

I think it's a mistake to refer to changes in global average surface air temperatures as if they were definitive measures of the change to the climate system.

And remember surface air temperatures are measured at 2 meters above the ground level.

You carry on about measuring the air above the surface, in spite of the fact that Warmists claim to measure the surface temperature.

In fact, too little to even measure — unless the humans are packed together into an urban environment, with their A / C units blowing hot air over asphalt and onto surface station thermometers.

Aqua's suite of instruments include devices that will measure cloud properties, the wetness of land surfaces, land and sea temperatures, humidity and temperature at different levels of the atmosphere, the properties of particles in the air, fluctuations in solar energy absorption and many other parameters.

This warming can be seen in measurements of troposphere temperatures measured by weather balloons and satellites, in measurements of ocean heat content, sea surface temperature (measured in situ and by satellites), air temperatures over the ocean, air temperature over land.

Most interesting is that the about monthly variations correlate with the lunar phases (peak on full moon) The Helsinki Background measurements 1935 The first background measurements in history; sampling data in vertical profile every 50 - 100m up to 1,5 km; 364 ppm underthe clouds and above Haldane measurements at the Scottish coast 370 ppmCO2 in winds from the sea; 355 ppm in air from the land Wattenberg measurements in the southern Atlantic ocean 1925-1927 310 sampling stations along the latitudes of the southern Atlantic oceans and parts of the northern; measuring all oceanographic data and CO2 in air over the sea; high ocean outgassing crossing the warm water currents north (> ~ 360 ppm) Buchs measurements in the northern Atlantic ocean 1932 - 1936 sampling CO2 over sea surface in northern Atlantic Ocean up to the polar circle (Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Barents Sea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2 over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly average

These issues, which are either not recognized at all in the assessments or are understated, include: - the identification of a warm bias in nighttime minimum temperatures - poor siting of the instrumentation to measure temperatures - the influence of trends in surface air water vapor content on temperature trends - the quantification of uncertainties in the homogenization of surface temperature data, and the influence of land use / land cover change on surface temperature trends.

The coldest surface air temperature ever measured on Earth was at the Vostok Station in 1983, a reading of T = -89.2 C (or 184K), which is reasonably close to CO2 snow deposition temperature of 133K (1 bar) or 152K (10 bars).

«The coldest surface air temperature ever measured on Earth was at the Vostok Station in 1983, a reading of T = -89.2 C (or 184K), which is reasonably close to CO2 snow deposition temperature of 133K (1 bar)...»

For example, let's say that evidence convinced me (in a way that I wasn't convinced previously) that all recent changes in land surface temperatures and sea surface temperatures and atmospheric temperatures and deep sea temperatures and sea ice extent and sea ice volume and sea ice density and moisture content in the air and cloud coverage and rainfall and measures of extreme weather were all directly tied to internal natural variability, and that I can now see that as the result of a statistical modeling of the trends as associated with natural phenomena.

We further estimate that, in most northern hemispheric regions, these changes in the likelihood of extreme summer mean WBGT are roughly an order of magnitude larger than the corresponding changes in the likelihood of extreme hot summers as simply measured by surface air temperature.

Values such as 0.70000 C are not known with this precision but precision is irrelevant because it is the residual of the 0.7 C anomaly (computed here as 0.003 C per 1.441 mm of near - surface depth for 2000 - 2010, 0.00538 C for 2013) that is adding the ocean heat, so if actual at ocean - air interface were, say, 0.726 C then it must be 0.723 C at 1.441 mm depth to reduce upward flux by 1.21 w / m ** 2 and cause the measured +138 ZettaJoules / decade.

Surface air temperatures measured at a single location are known to show non-constant systematic errors over time because of variations in solar heating and wind - speed effects.

The air surface temperature measured in HadCrut, GISS, etc. is very strongly coupled to the surface itself, mainly by conduction, and is therefore a good average representation of the surface.

As they state: «Satellite - measured skin temperatures are related to the surface air temperatures but do not necessarily have the same seasonal and diurnal variations, since they are more coupled to surface energy exchange processes and less to the overlying atmospheric column.

This measure raises the temperature of the condensing surface (underside of the air - impermeable insulation), which reduces the risks of condensation.

But note, I haven't measured clear sky temp on a warm day, it is suppose to be much closer to surface temp, but at warmer temps there's much more water vapor in the air.

The historical responsibility is not based on cumulative emissions but instead measured in terms of the countries» estimated contribution to the increase in global - mean surface - air temperature.

And we measuring different things - skin surface vs air temperature.

First row: Convective available potential energy, a measure of how buoyant air lifted from the surface would become, aggregated over the depth over which it remains buoyant.

Based mostly upon surface thermometers, the official pronouncement ignores the other two primary ways of measuring global air temperatures, satellites and radiosondes (weather balloons).