The study, which combined genetic analysis with a 19 - year - long selection experiment, supports the idea that
the mechanisms of adaptive evolution may be more predictable than previously suspected.
Using Niko Tinbergen's «four questions» as a guide, we will discuss the
evolution of primates and emergence
of the social function
of the behavior (phylogeny), the development
of the behavior during a individual's lifetime (ontogeny), the specific biological and chemical processes and motivations responsible for the behavior (
mechanism), and how the behavior increase the fitness
of individuals, allowing for its continual selection in primates (
adaptive value).