While most cranial
mediastinal masses are usually thymoma or lymphosarcoma, other causes may include ectopic thyroid tissue, branchial cyst, chemodectoma, or thoracic wall tumor.
Possible causes of chylothorax include anterior
mediastinal masses (mediastinal lymphosarcoma, thymoma), heart disease (cardiomyopathy, heartworm disease, congenital cardiac diseases, etc.), fungal granulomas, congenital abnormalities of the thoracic duct, and diffuse lymphatic abnormalities.
Precaval syndrome (swelling of the head, neck, and / or thoracic limbs) is possible if
the mediastinal mass causes compression of or invades the cranial vena cava.
Thoracic radiographs usually show a cranial
mediastinal mass.
Clinical signs are variable and are related to a space - occupying cranial
mediastinal mass and / or manifestations of the paraneoplastic syndrome.
Fluid within the cranial mediastinum (transudate, exudate, hemorrhage) can occasionally mimic
a mediastinal mass.