After exploiting a technology that allowed them to activate each of nearly 16,000 genes individually in
human melanoma cell lines containing mutant BRAF, the authors then treated the panel of cells with the drugs and monitored which cells showed altered drug sensitivity.
Interestingly, two studies
of melanoma cell lines revealed frequent mutations in mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase [kinase] genes MAP2K1, MAP2K2, MAP3K5, and MAP3K9.
Mouse
melanoma cell line B16F10 was procured from National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India as well as from Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal, India.
The researchers also examined BRAF
mutant melanoma cell lines, and found that BRAF inhibition induced autophagy by way of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response.
When the researchers did the opposite, turning on a PAK protein in a
metastatic melanoma cell line, they found the cells became even more resistant to inhibitors of the MAPK pathway.
This study utilized 36 well -
characterized melanoma cell lines assembled by the MGH Center for Molecular Therapeutics to test all possible combinations of more than 100 oncology drugs, two - thirds of which are currently in clinical use.
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increased metastasis to the lung of
both melanoma cell lines and lung cancer cell lines initially injected in the tail vein