Summer extent is defined by snow
melting at high latitudes.
Summer snow extent is defined by snow
melting at high latitudes.
Not exact matches
During the last deglaciation, and likely also the three previous ones, the onset of warming
at both
high southern and northern
latitudes preceded by several thousand years the first signals of significant sea level increase resulting from the
melting of the northern ice sheets linked with the rapid warming
at high northern
latitudes (Petit et al., 1999; Shackleton, 2000; Pépin et al., 2001).
With
higher precipitation, portions of this snow may not
melt during the summer and so glacial ice can form
at lower altitudes and more southerly
latitudes, reducing the temperatures over land by increased albedo as noted above.
There just isn't much ice left, and what is left would be extremely difficult to
melt, as most of it is located
at high latitudes around the poles which are mostly dark 6 months out of the year with way below freezing temperatures.
Qualitative indicators like sea ice coverage, spring thaw dates, and
melting permafrost provide strong additional evidence that trends have been positive
at middle and
high northern
latitudes, while glacier retreat suggests warming aloft
at lower
latitudes.
Freshening of the ocean can result from numerous factors — the
melting of ice, freshwater discharge from rivers, or increased precipitation
at high latitudes.
AIUI, the assumption is that most of the first - year ice will
melt, and much of it is located around the North Pole this year, so it will
melt late (if
at all) because of less insolation
at high latitudes.
Despite the accompanying colder winters, getting
melting going during those long hot summers is how we got rid of the ice sheets
at high northern
latitudes.
Every major ice age and warming cycle of the last 0.5 Ma put ice
at high -
latitudes and on
high mountains and did not
melt all of it.
This has obvious implications for our ability to predict events in the tropics, such as hurricanes and drought, and
at high latitudes, such as sea ice and ice sheet
melting (with sea level rise).
The increases used were sufficient to
melt all sea ice
at high latitudes, and amounted to 15 % on the global average.
Rapid ice drift is an important factor in regional ice conditions, especially redistribution of multiyear ice into areas with
high melt rates
at low
latitudes.
In the case of the 100 kyr ice age cycles, that forcing is
high northern latitude summer insolation driven by predictable changes in Earth's orbital and rotational parameters — aka, Milankovitch theory — which has the intial effect of
melting glaciers, thereby reducing albedo
at those
latitudes.
The June 2008 NSIDC web site entry mentioned that it is difficult to
melt first year ice
at very
high latitudes.
This is largely because
melting sea ice changes the albedo of
high latitude oceans, and to a lesser extent because an inversion prevails
at high latitudes, especially in winter, whereas
at low
latitudes the heating is convectively mixed througout the troposphere.